ALL 



ALL 





v/hieh, though the blades be cut off, the 

 roots remain sound, and shoot forth with 

 great vigour early in spring, furnishing 

 seasonable supplies till May, when they 

 generally run to seed. From this singu- 

 lar hardness they may be cultivated more 

 or less as a winter standing crop, with 

 advantage, for spring use. 



Cives, or chives. This is the smallest 

 of all the onion kind, rising but a few 

 inches high, but its roots are perennial, 

 and increase considerably into clusters, 

 from which large tufts of slender awl- 

 shaped leaves issue, which are the prin- 

 cipal part used, the roots never forming 

 any bulb, at least not bigger than small 

 peas. This is a hardy plant, which me- 

 rits a place in every garden. Its clusters 

 of leaves rise early in spring, and are use- 

 ful both in salads and foi* culinary pur- 

 poses, in default of onions. The method 

 of gathering it is, to cut the leaves off near 

 the ground, by which a fresh supply is 

 soon produced from the bottom ; or oc- 

 casionally the plants in clusters may be 

 slipped quite to the root in separate lit- 

 tle plants, resembling young onions, and 

 used as substitutes for them. It is easily 

 increased by dividing the roots in spring, 

 and planting eight or ten of them toge- 

 ther in holes, at six inches distance ; in 

 this way, by autumn, they will multiply in- 

 to bunches of a large size. 



Eschalot, or schallot. This is a species 

 of onion which is bulbous-rooted, and 

 which increases greatly by off-sets, the 

 largest of which are the proper parts of 

 the plant for use. The bulbs are oblong, 

 irregular, and seldom grow large ; as they 

 generally increase into clusters, they do 

 not swell like roots that grow singly. 

 From the roots are produced many long, 

 narrow, infirm leaves in the spring, and 

 which wither in July or August, when the 

 roots are full grown . they are then taken 

 up, made dry, and housed, when they 

 keep in good perfection till the following 

 spring. 



Canada, or tree-onion. This deserves 

 to be cultivated, both as a curiosity in. 

 producing the onion at the top of the 

 stalk, and for the use of the onions, es- 

 pecially for pickling, in which they are ex- 

 cellent, and superior in flavour to the 

 common onion. It is perennial, and pro- 

 pagated by planting the bulbs in spring or 

 autumn. Either the root-bulbs, or those 

 produced on the top of the stalk, being 

 planted in a bed or beds of any good earth, 

 in rows a foot asunder, six inches distance 

 in each row, and two or three inches 

 deep, they shoot up leaves and stalks in 



the spring and summer, and produce the ; 

 bulbs, for use in July or August ; and the 

 root-bulbs remaining, furnish a produc- 

 tion of top-bulbs, annually, in that season ; 

 the root-bulb increasing by off-sets, may 

 be taken up occasionally at the time the 

 stem decays in autumn ; or once in two 

 or three years, in order to separate the 

 off-sets, and replant them when necessary. 



The leek is the third division of the ge- 

 nus, the general characters of which are 

 the same as those before described, and 

 the species and varieties are, the porrum, 

 or common leek, which may be said to 

 be an annual-biennial plant ; for although 

 the roots often survive after perfecting 

 seeds, yet the plants always attain perfec- 

 tion the same year they are sown, and the 

 year afterwards run up to stalk, and be- 

 come unfit for use. The seed-stalk of 

 this plant does not belly like that of the 

 onion. The best of the varieties of this 

 plant for general culture is the broad- 

 leaved or London leek, which attains a 

 large growth, the neck acquiring a thick 

 substance, in length from six to nine or 

 ten inches, dividing upwards into many 

 large, long, thick leaves, arranging them- 

 selves in somewhat of a fan-shape. There 

 are seven species indigenous in America, 

 and described byPursh, TJIZ. : 1. A. vi- 

 neaje, common in old fields. 2. A. fra- 

 grans, (which is A. inodorum of Botani- 

 cal Magazine 1129, and A. mutabile of 

 Michaux's fl. Ame. 1 p. 195) found on the 

 mountains of Virginia snd Corolina. 3. 

 A. striatum (which is A. ornithogaloides 

 of Halt's fl. Car. 121, and ornithogalum 

 bivalve of Lin.) native in Virginia and 

 Carolina. 4. A. angulosum, found on the 

 banks of the Missouri by Lewis and Nut- 

 tall. 5. A. triflorum, found in shady 

 woods and high mountains of Pennsylva- 

 nia. 6. A. canadense, found in fields and 

 woods from Canada to Carolina. 7. A. 

 tricoccon, found in shady woods, Penn- 

 sylvania to Virginia. 



ALLODIAL, an epithet given to an in- 

 heritance held without any acknowledg- 

 ment to a lord or superior, in opposition 

 to feudal. 



ALLODIUM, or ALLEUD, denotes 

 lands which are the absolute property of 

 their owner, without being obliged to pay 

 any service oracknowledgment whatever 

 to a superior lord ; in which sense they 

 stand opposed to feudal lands, which pay 

 a fee to some superior. 



ALLOPHYLUS, in botany, a genus of 

 the Octandria Monogynia class of plants^ 

 the calyx of which is a perianthium com- 

 posed of four leaves of an orbicular figure, 



