ANA 



A\A 



last, geometrical dempnstrations are won- 

 derfully abridged, a number of truths are 

 frequently expressed by a single line, and 

 whole sciences may sometimes be learn- 

 ed in a few minutes, which otherwise 

 would be scarcely attained in many years. 



Analysis is divided, with regard to its 

 object, into that of finites, and infinites. 

 Analysis of infinite quantities, that which 

 is called specious arithmetic. Analysis 

 of infinites, the same with fluxions. See 

 FLUXIONS. 



ANALYSIS, in mineralogy, includes the 

 examination of metallic ores, and of the 

 other products of the mineral krngdom. 

 See MINERALS, analysis of. 



ANALYSIS of soils, the means of ascer- 

 taining the nature, properties, and pro- 

 portioVis of the different materials of which 

 they are composed. The proper execu- 

 tion of this business enables the farmer to 

 form a just estimate of the value of the 

 different parts of his lands, to make the 

 application of ameliorating substances 

 with propriety, and to understand the ef- 

 fects that may be produced by the combi- 

 nations of different matters. The appa- 

 ratus necessary forthisbusiness are, scales 

 and weights of different sizes; some por- 

 celain, glass, or stone-ware vessels, un- 

 glazed ; some muriatic and sulphuric 

 acid, alkali, galls, and pure distilled water. 



ANAMORPHOSIS, in perspective and 

 painting, a monstrous projection, or re- 

 presentation of an image, on a plane or 

 curved surface, which, beheld at a proper 

 distance,''shall appear regular, and in)pro- 

 portion. 



To delineate an anamorphosis upon a 

 plane : 1. Draw the square A B C D, (plate 

 I. Miscel. fig. 4,) of a bigness at pleasure, 

 and subdivide into a number of little 

 squares. 2. In this square, called the 

 craticula prototype, let the image to be 

 represented deformed be drawn. 3. Then 

 draw the line a b (ibid. fig. 5.) equal to A 

 B, and divide it into the same number of 

 equal parts as the side of the prototype 

 A B. 4. Erect the perpendicular E V, 

 in the middle of a b, so much the longer 

 as the deformity of the image is to be 

 greater. 5. Draw V S perpendicular to 

 E V, so much the shorter as you would 

 have the- image appear more deformed. 

 From each point of division draw straight 

 lines to V, and join the points a and S 

 by the right line a S. 6. Through the 

 points defg draw right lines parallel to 

 a b, then will .*- c '? be the epace in which 

 t.he monstir ;is projection is to be deline- 

 ated ; this space is called the craticular 

 retype. Lastly, in every areola, or small 



trapezium of the space a, b c, d t dra\r 

 what appears delineated in the correspon- 

 dent areola of the square A B C D ; and 

 thus you will obtain a deformed image, 

 which will appear in just proportion to an 

 eye distant from it the length of F V,'and 

 raised above its height V S. 



An image may be deformed mechani- 

 cally, if you place it, having little holes 

 made here and there in it with a needle, 

 against a candle, and observe where the 

 rays going through these holes fall on a 

 plane or curve surface ; for they will 

 give the corresponding points of the 

 image to be deformed. 



The practical methods of drawing 

 these images is described in the Leipsic 

 Act, for the year 1712, where we have an 

 account of two machines, one for images, 

 viewed with a cylindrical, and the other 

 with a conical mirror. The person who 

 has this instrument may take any point 

 at pleasure, and while he goes over the 

 outlines of it with one pen, another traces 

 the anamorphosis. 



In the cloister of the Minims at Paris, 

 there are two anamorphoses traced upon 

 two of the sides of the cloister, one repre- 

 senting a Magdalen, and the other St. 

 John writing his gospel. They are so 

 managed, that when viewed directly they 

 appear like a kind of landscape, but from 

 a particular point of sight they appear 

 very distinctly like human figures. 



ANANAS. See BROMELIA. 



ANAP./EST, in ancient poetry, a foot 

 consisting of two short syllables and one 

 long : such is the word scopulos. It is 

 just the reverse of the dactyl. 



ANAPHORA, in rhetoric, a verbal 

 figure, whereby one or more words are 

 repeated in the begining of several sen- 

 tences. Thisis a lively and elegant figure, 

 and serves very much to engage the at- 

 tention; for, by the frequent return of the 

 same word, the mind of the hearer is 

 held in an agreeable suspense till the 

 whole is finished. Such is that in the 

 Psalms : " The voice of the Lord is pow- 

 erful: the voice of the Lord is full of 

 majesty : the voice of the Lord shake th 

 in.the wilderness." Another from Cicero's 

 fine oration against Cataline : "You do 

 nothing, you attempt nothing, you think 

 nothing, but what I not only hear, but also 

 see and plainly perceive." 



ANARHICHAS, in natural history, -wolf- 

 Jish, a genus of fishes of the order of 

 Apodes : head rounded, blunt; fore-teeth 

 in each jaw conic, large, divergent ; six or 

 more; grinders in the lower jaw and pa- 

 late rounded; gill-membrane seven-ray- 



