ANI 



ANN 



Maunication of it by contact from one to 

 another is easily conceived, as also the 

 reason of the cure being 1 effected by cu- 

 taneous applications. In the Philosophi- 

 cal Transactions, vol. lix., is a curious ac- 

 count of the animalcules produced from 

 an infusion of potatoes, and another of 

 hempseed, by the late Mr. Ellis. " On the 

 25th of May, 1768, Fahrenheit's thermom- 

 eter 70, 1 boiled a potatoe in the New 

 River water, till it was reduced to a mealy 

 consistence. I put part of it, with an equal 

 proportion of the boiling- liquor, into a cy- 

 lindrical glass vessel, that held something 1 

 less than half a wine-pint, and covered it 

 close immediately with a glass cover. At 

 the same time I sliced an unboiled pota- 

 toe, and, as near as 1 could judge, put 

 the same quantity into a glass vessel of 

 the same kind, with the same proportion 

 of New River water not boiled, and co- 

 vered with a glass cover, and placed both 

 vessels close to each other." "On the 

 26th of May, 24 hours afterwards, I exa- 

 mined a small drop of each by the first 

 magnifier of Wilson's microscope, whose 

 focal distance is reckoned at l-50th part 

 of an inch ; and, to my amazement, they 

 were both full of animalcula, of a linear 

 shape, very distinguishable, moving to 

 and fro with great celerity, so that there 

 appeai-ed to be more particles of animal 

 than vegetable life in each drop." " This 

 experiment I have repeatedly tried, and 

 always found it to succeed in proportion 

 to the heat of the circumambient air; so 

 that even in winter, if the liquors are kept 

 properly warm, at least in two or three 

 days the experiment will succeed." "I 

 procured hemp-seed from different seeds- 

 men in different parts of the town. Some 

 of it I put into the New River water, some 

 into distilled water, and some into very 

 hard pump-water. The result was, that 

 in proportion to the heat of the weather, 

 or warmth in which they were kept, there 

 was an appearance of millions of minute 

 animalcula in all the infusions; and, some 

 time after, oval ones made their appear- 

 ance. These were much larger than the 

 first, which still continued : these wrig- 

 gled to and fro in an undulatory motion, 

 turning themselves round very quick all 

 the time they moved forwards*. 



ANIME, a resin obtained from the hy- 

 menaea cburbaril, or locust tree, which is 

 a native of North-America. It resembles 

 copul very much in its appearance, but is 

 readily soluble in alcohol, which copal is 

 not. It is used as a varnish. Alcohol dis- 

 solves it completely ; and distilled over, 



VOL. I. 



it acquires both the smell and taste of 

 anime. 



ANNALS, in matters of literature, a 

 species of history, which relates events in 

 the chronological order wherein they 

 happened. They differ from perfect his- 

 tory in this, that annals are a bare relation 

 of what passes every year, as a journal is 

 of what passes every day ; whereas histo- 

 ry relates not only the transactions them- 

 selves, but also the causes, motives, and 

 springs of actions. Annals require no- 

 thing but brevity, history demands orna- 

 ment. Cicero informsus of the origin of 

 annals : to preserve the memory of events, 

 the pontifex maximus, says he,wrote what 

 passed each year, and exposed it on tab- 

 lets in his own house, where every one 

 was at liberty to read : this they called 

 annaks maxirni; and hence the writers 

 who imitated this simple method of nar- 

 rating facts were called annalists. 



ANNATES, among ecclesiastical wri- 

 ters, a year's income of a spiritual living. 

 These were, in ancient times, given to 

 the pope throughout all Christendom, 

 upon the decease of any bishop, abbot, or 

 parish-clerk, and were paid by his suc- 

 cessor. In England, the pope claimed 

 them first of such foreigners as he con- 

 ferred benefices upon, by way of provi- 

 sion ; but afterwards they were demanded 

 of all other clerks, on their admission to 

 benefices. At the reformation they were 

 taken from the pope, and vested in the 

 king; and, finally, queen Anne restored 

 them to the church,by appropriating them 

 to the augmentation of poor livings. 



ANNEALING, or NEALING, the burn- 

 ing or baking glass, earthen-ware, &c. in 

 an oven or furnace. See GLASS. 



ANNOTATION, in matters of litera- 

 ture, a brief commentary, or remark, upon 

 a book or writing, in order to clear up 

 some passage, or draw some conclusion 

 from it : thus the critics of the last age 

 have made learned annotations upon all 

 the classics. 



ANttOTTO, in commerce, a kind of 

 red dye, brought from the West-Indies. 

 This is otherwise denominated arnatto. 

 It is procured from the pulp of the seed 

 capsules of a shrub called achiotte and 

 urucu ; the bixa orellana of Linnaeus, 

 which grows seven or eight feet high, and 

 produces oblonghairv pods, somewhat re- 

 sembling those of a chesnut. Within each 

 of these are thirty or forty irregularly 

 figured seeds, which are enveloped in a 

 pulp of a bright red colour and unpleasant 

 smell, somewhat resembling 1 the paint 



Hh 



