ARCHITECTURE. 





projecting timbers of the roof; the ends 

 of the bottom tier of these timbers form- 

 ing the mutules : the lower sides of which, 

 as well as the under side of the band of 

 thetriglyphs, were cut into thin cylinders, 

 or conic frustrums, representing the drops 

 of rain falling from the edges. These 

 parts, which at first resulted from the 

 primitive habitation, were afterwards con- 

 verted into more elegant decorations of 

 simple and natural forms. The general 

 figure of the Attic Doric consists of but 

 feu parts, even as practised in the most 

 refined ages of Greece : the fluted shaft, 

 terminating with one, two, or three annu- 

 lar channels ; the capital, consisting of 

 the fillets, and a bold echinus, having the 

 same common axis with the shaft, and the 

 crowning abacus, form the entire column, 

 which therefore consists of a base and 

 shaft. The spacious architrave, resting 

 on the columns, consisting of a crowning 

 band, with the guttere and tenia pending 

 therefrom, under the trigiyphs; the frize, 

 consisting of a capital, or cymatium, and 

 equidistant triglyph, leaving square re- 

 cesses between them, called metopes ; 

 and the cornice, consisting of mutules 

 over the triglyphs and over the metopes; 

 the corona formed of a band and cyma- 

 tium above ; and the sirna, or crowning 

 moulding, formed of a large ovolo and 

 filJet, composed the whole entablature ; 

 which therefore consists of a cornice, 

 frize, and architrave. This is the general 

 character of the Grecian Doric. It is al- 

 most constantly placed upon three steps, 

 proportioned to the height of the order, 

 and not to the human step : the shafts of 

 the columns diminish, with a beautiful 

 curve line from the bottom to the cincture 

 below the annulets ; the flutes are with- 

 out fillets, of a circular or elliptic section, 

 and terminate immediately below the an- 

 nulets : the annulets of the capital most 

 commonly follow the contour of the ovo- 

 lo ; above them, the band, crowning the 

 top of the architrave, is one continued 

 string without breaks ; the guttae under 

 the regulu, and under the mutules, are 

 generally of a cylindrical form, at least 

 tapering upwards in a very small degree. 

 The trig!yphs are placed upon the ex- 

 tremities of the frize, and not over the 

 axis of the extreme columns; and consist 

 of two whole channels, and two half ones 

 upon the edges ; the sides of each glyph, 

 or channel, are two vertical planes, meet- 

 ing each other in a right angle at the 

 back, and consequently the face of the 

 triglyph at 135 degrees on each side of 

 the glyph ; the tops of the channels are 

 sometimes curved in the front, like a very 



eccentric semi-ellipsis, 'placed with its 

 greater axis horizontal, as in the temple 

 of Theseus ; and very frequently with a 

 horizontal line, joined to each vertical 

 line at the side, with a quadrant of a cir- 

 cle, and the tops of the two half channels 

 on each edge of the triglyph are semi- 

 circular, not only in front, but in the pro- 

 files also, leaving the angle pendant at the 

 top, as in the temples of Minerva at 

 Athens, and at Sunium, and the temple 

 of Jupiter Panellenius ; and sometimes 

 the head of the glyph is horizontal, as in 

 the Doric portico at Athens, and in the 

 temple of Jupiter Nemaeus, between Ar- 

 gos and Corinth. 



In all these examples, the surface form- 

 ing the head of a glyph is perpendicular 

 to the front, or such that a right line, per- 

 pendicular to the face, and touching the 

 top line of the head in any point, will 

 coincide with the surface of the. interior 

 of the glyph. The capital of the triglyphs 

 has a small projection on the face, which 

 is not returned on the edges, and de- 

 scends lower than that over the metopes; 

 though both are on the same level at the 

 top. 



The mutules are thin parallelepipeds, 

 their lower surface makingan acute angle 

 with the upright of the frize, in the same 

 manner as the under ends of the rafters 

 of the primitive hut would ; the pendant 

 guttae, hung to them, are in three rows, 

 from front to rear, having six on the front, 

 and also in each of the two back rows. 

 The soffit of the corona is parallel to that 

 of the mutules, and consequently makes 

 an acute angle with the upright of the 

 frize also. The lower part of the corona 

 is most frequently wrought into a fillet ; 

 its cymatium is differently formed in dif- 

 ferent examples, but most frequently 

 with a small ovolo and fillet, both of which 

 are channelled upwards, in order to pro- 

 duce a greater variety of light and shade, 

 The sima, or crowning moulding, most 

 frequently consists of a large ovolo, and a 

 fillet over it. 



The general proportions of the Doric 

 order are the following. The columns 

 are six diameters in height : the superior 

 diameter is four-fifths, and the altitudinal 

 dimension of the capital two-fifths of the 

 inferior diameter, including the annulets, 

 echinus, and abacus. The height of the 

 capital is divided into two equal parts, 

 giving the upper one to the abacus, and 

 the lower one to the echinus and annu- 

 lets : divide the lower one into five parts, 

 giving one to the annulets, and four to 

 the ovolo : divide the height of the en- 

 tablature into four parts, giving one to 



