ARITHMETIC. 



II. If the multiplier be a composite 

 number, whose component parts do not 

 exceed 12, multiply first by one of these 

 parts, then multiply the product by the 

 other. Proceed in the same manner, if 

 there be more than two. 



L. s. d. 

 Ex. 1. 256 .. 4..7 



3074 .. 15 .. 6 

 6 



Ans. 18448 .. 13 .. 



The component parts will answer in 

 any order ; it is best, however, when it 

 can be done, to take them in such order 

 as may clear off some of the lower places 

 in the first multiplication, as is done in 

 both the examples. The operation may 

 be proved by taking the component parts 

 in a different order, or by dividing the 

 multiplier in a different manner. 



III. If the multiplier be a prime num- 



ber, multiply first by the composite num- 

 lower, then by the difference, 



ber next ______ , ______ 



and add the products. 

 L. s. d. 



Ex. 576 .. 4 .. 9f x 87 = 12x7+3 

 12 



6914 .. 17 .. 6 



7 



48404 .. 2 .. 6 



3 times. 



Ans. 50122 .. 16 . 



Here we multiply the given sum by 12 

 and 7, because 12 x 7 = 84, the answer 

 is 48404/. 2s. 6d. we then multiply the 

 given sum by 3, which gives 1728/. 14s. 

 4$d. these sums added together give the 

 true answer. 



IV. If there be a composite number a 

 little larger than the multiplier, we may 

 multiply by that number, and by the dif- 

 ference, and subtract the second product 

 from the first. 



L. s. d. 



Ex. 3276 .. 10 .. 4 x 34 = 5 



6 



23861 .. 2 .. 3 

 6 



143166 .. 13 ., 6 



7953 .. .. 9 



Ans. 135213 .. 12 ..~9 



We multiply the given sum by 6 and 

 6, because 6 x 6 = 36 ; the answer is 

 143166^. 13s. 6d. we then multiply the 

 sum by 2, and subtracting that product 

 from the former, we get the true answer. 



V. If the multiplier be large, multiply 

 by 10, and multiply the product again by 

 10 $ by which means you obtain an hun- 

 dred times the given number. If the 

 multiplier exceed 1000, multiply by 10 

 again, and continue it farther, if the multi- 

 plier require it ; then multiply the given 

 number by the unit place of the multi- 

 plier; the first product by ten place, the 

 second product by the hundred place, and 

 so on. Add the products thus obtained 

 together. 



Examples, Multiply 35/. 14s. 8%d. by 4555. 



L. s. </. 



35 .. 14 .. 8* x 5 



10 



357 .. 7 .. 1 x 5 



10 



3575 .. 10 ..10 X 5 

 10 



L. s. d. 



178 .. 13 .. 6 = 5 times. 



35755 .. 8 .. 4 X 4 



1786 .. 15 .. 5 



17877 .. 14 .. 2 



143021 .. 13 .. 4 



Ans. 162864 .. 16 .. 



50 times. 

 500 times. 



: 4000 times. 

 ; 4555 times. 



