ARM 



AUM 



money in his own hands, that there should 

 be none current there equal to the great 

 occasion of victualling- the Spanish fleet. 

 He reckoned the keeping of such a trea- 

 sure dead in his hands till the season of 

 victualling was over would be a loss of 

 40.000/. He managed the matter with 

 such secrecy and success, that the fleet 

 could not be set out that year ; at so small 

 a price, and with so skilful a manage- 

 ment, says the bishop, was the nation 

 saved at that time." On the 19th of July 

 the famous armada arrived in the Chan- 

 nel, disposing itself in the form of a cre- 

 scent, and stretching to the distance of 

 seven miles from the extremity of one 

 division to that of the other. As it pro- 

 ceeded up the Channel, Eflingham, with 

 the English fleet, gave orders to avoid a 

 close fight, but to skirmish with the 

 larger ships of the Spanish fleet, which it 

 continued to do for six days. The arma- 

 da, having reached Calais, cast anchor, 

 and waited the arrival of the Prince of 

 Parma, who delayed leaving the Flemish 

 ports until he was assured that the Spa- 

 niards were masters of the sea. While 

 the Spanish fleet lay confusedly in this 

 position, the English Admiral, by a suc- 

 cessful stratagem, dispatched several of 

 his smaller ships filled with combustibles 

 into the midst of the enemy, and thus 

 alarmed them to such a degree, that they 

 immediately cut their cables, and betook 

 themselves to flight in the greatest dis- 

 order and precipitation. The English 

 fleet pursued them and took several 

 ships. A violent tempest then assailed 

 the armada, after it had passed the Ork- 

 neys, and most of the vessels that had 

 escaped from the battle were driven on 

 the western isles of Scotland, or on the 

 coast of Ireland, where they were mi- 

 serably wrecked. Such was the termi- 

 nation of this desperate attempt against 

 the liberties of our country : the forego- 

 ing account of which, in a scientific point 

 of view, exhibits the state of naval tactics 

 at that period of our history, and various 

 other topics, interesting to the English 

 reader. 



ARMILLARY sphere, an artificial 

 sphere, composed of a number of circles, 

 representing the several circles of the 

 mundane sphere, put together in their 

 natural order, to ease and assist the ima- 

 gination in conceiving the constitution of 

 the heavens, and the motions of the ce- 

 lestial bodies. 



The armillary sphere, constructed about 

 30 years since by Dr.Long, of Cambridge, 

 js 18 feet in diameter, and will conveni- 

 ently contain 30 persons, \vho may sit 



within it, to view, as from a centre, the 

 representation of the celestial sphere. 

 That part of the sphere, which to the in- 

 habitants of these kingdoms never rises 

 above the horizon, is cut off, and the whole 

 is so well contrived and adapted, that it 

 turns round with very little labour. 



ARMINTANS, in church history, a sect 

 of Christians which arose in Holland, by 

 a separation from the Calvinists. They 

 are great asserters of free-will. They 

 speak very ambiguously of the prescience 

 of God. They look on the doctrine of 

 the Trinity as a point not necessary to 

 salvation ; and many of them hold there 

 is no precept in scripture, by which we 

 are enjoined to adore the Holy Ghost ; 

 and that Jesus is not equal to God the 

 Father. 



They take their name from Arminius, 

 a disciple of Beza, whose tenets may be 

 thus enumerated : 1. That God has not 

 fixed the future state of mankind by an 

 absolute unconditional decree ; but deter- 

 mined from all eternity to bestow salva- 

 tion on those, whom he foresaw would 

 persevere to the end in their faith in 

 Christ, and to inflict punishment on those 

 who should continue in their unbelief, 

 and resist to the end his divine assistance, 

 2. That Jesus Christ, by his death and 

 sufferings, made an atonement for the 

 sins of mankind in general, and for every 

 individual in particular ; that, however, 

 none but those who believe in him can be 

 partakers of this divine benefit. 3. That 

 mankind are not totally depraved, and 

 that depravity does not come upon them 

 by virtue of Adam's being their public 

 head, but that mortality and natural evil 

 only are the direct consequences of his 

 sin to posterity. 4. That there is no such 

 a thing as irresistible grace in the con- 

 version of sinners: and 5. That those 

 who are united to Christ by faith, may 

 fall from their faith, and finally forfeit, 

 their state of grace. Dr. Whitby, an emi- 

 nent divine of the Church of England, 

 has written a long defence of this doc- 

 trine ; to this may be noticed, Dr. Tay- 

 lor's " Key to the epistle to the Romans." 

 Among- the modern writers, Mr. John 

 Wesley, and Mr. Fellowes, in his " Reli- 

 gion without Cant," and in his " Christian 

 Philosophy," have ably advocated the 

 cause of Arminianism. 



ARMONICA. See HAHMO.XICA. 



ARMORY is a branch of the science of 

 heraldry, consisting in the knowledge of 

 coats of arms, as to their blazons and va- 

 rious intendments. 



ARMOUR denotes all such habiliments 

 as serve to defend the body from wounds, 



