A1IM 



ARR 



especially of darts, a sword, a lance, &cT 

 A complete suit of armour formerly con- 

 sisted of a helmet, a shield, a cuirasse, a 

 coat of mail, a gauntlet, &c. all now laid 

 aside. 



ARMS, in general, all kinds of wea- 

 pons, whether used for offence or defence. 



ARMS and Ammunition, no merchant ves- 

 sel is allowed to carry more than two car- 

 riage guns of 4 pounds calibre, nor more 

 than in the proportion of two musquets 

 for every ten men, except ships of marc, 

 or vessels employed in the service of the 

 victualling, ordnance, customs, excise, or 

 post office, without being regularly li- 

 censed for that purpose. 



ARMS or ARMORIES, in heraldry, marks 

 of honour borne upon shields, banners, 

 and coats, in order to distinguish states, 

 families, and persons. 



At this time, arms follow the nature of 

 titles, which being made hereditary, they 

 are also become so, being the several 

 marks to distinguish families, as names 

 serve to distinguish individuals. They 

 are the gift of kings and princes, through 

 the ministry of their kings and heralds of 

 arms, who ought to be knowing and ju- 

 dicious, to give the proper arms to all 

 persons. 



ARMY, a large body of soldiers, con- 

 sisting of horse and foot, completely arm- 

 ed, and provided with artillery, ammuni- 

 tion, provisions, &c. under the command 

 of one general, having lieutenant-gene- 

 rals, major-generals, brigadiers and other 

 officers under him. An army is composed 

 of squadrons and battalions, and is usu- 

 ally divided into three corps, and formed 

 into three lines ; the first line is called the 

 van-guard, the second the main body, 

 and the third the rear-guard, or body of 

 reserve. The middle of each line is pos- 

 sessed by the foot, the cavalry form the 

 right and left wing of each line ; and 

 sometimes they place squadrons of horse 

 in the intervals between the battalions. 

 "When the army is drawn up in order of 

 battle, the horse are placed at five feet 

 Distance from each other, and the foot at 

 three. In each line the battalions are 

 distant from each other one hundred and 

 eighty feet, which is nearly equal to the 

 extent of their fronw: and the same holds 

 of the squadrons, which are about three 

 hundred feet distant, the extent of their 

 own front. These intervals are left for 

 the squadrons and battalions of the se- 

 cond line to range themselves against 

 the intervals of the first, that both may 

 more readily march through those spaces 

 to the tnemy : the first line is usually 

 three hundred feet distant from the se- 



cond, and the second from the third, 

 that there may be sufficient room to 

 rally, when the squadrons and battalions 

 are broken. 



Our armies anciently were a sort of mi- 

 litia, composed chiefly of the vassals and 

 tenants of the lords. When each com- 

 pany had served the number of days or 

 months enjoined by their tenure, o* the 

 customs of the fees they held, they re- 

 turned home. Armies are distinguished 

 by the appellations of a covering army, 

 designed to protect the different passes 

 which lead to a principal object of de- 

 fence : a blockading army, which is pro- 

 vided with heavy ordnance and other 

 warlike means, and is employed to invest 

 a town, for the direct and immediate 

 purpose of reducing it by assault or fa- 

 mine : an army of observation, so called, 

 because, by its advanced positions and 

 desultory movements, it is constantly em- 

 ployed in watching an army : an army of 

 reserve, which is a general depot of effec- 

 tive service ; in cases of emergency the 

 whole or detached parts of an army of 

 reserve are employed to recover a lost 

 day, or to secure a victory : and a flying 

 army, which is mostly a strong body of 

 horse and foot, always in motion, both to 

 cover its own garrison, and to keep the 

 enemy in continual alarm. 



ARNICA, in botany, a genus of plants 

 of the Syngenesia Superflua class and or- 

 der. Essen, char. receptacle naked; down 

 simple ; calyx equal ; florets of the mar- 

 gin generally with five filaments destitute 

 of antherse. There are 24 species. 



ARNOPOGON, a genus of the Synge- 

 nesia JEqualis class and order. Recepta- 

 cle naked ; down feathery, on a pedicle ; 

 calyx one-leafed, eight-parted, turbinate. 

 There are four species. 



AROMA, is that part of odorous bodies 

 which affects the organs of smell, and is 

 supposed by some to be a peculiar prin- 

 ciple. 



ARRAC, a spirituous liquor imported 

 from the East Indies, and obtained by 

 distillation "from rice or sugar, fermented 

 with the juice of cocoa nuts. 



ARRAGONITE, a mineral, first found 

 in Arragon, imbedded in gypsum ; after- 

 wards in the Pyrenees, and at Salzburgh. 

 Colour greenish and pearl grey ; in the 

 middle often violet and green. Always 

 crystallized in regular six-sided prisms. 

 Fracture between imperfect, foliated, 

 and fibrous. Colour arranged in the direc- 

 tion of the fibres ; the longitudinal fibres 

 green; the transverse violet blue, brit- 

 tle ; specific gravity 2.94. It effervesces 

 with acids, and from its resemblance to 



