BAI 



BAl 



and the embrasures of batteries, when 

 damaged by the enemy's fire, or by the 

 bias; of the. guns; they are also used to 

 raise a parapet in haste, or to repair one 

 that is beaten down. They are only used 

 when the ground is rocky, and does not 

 aftbrtl earth enough to carry on the ap- 

 proaches. 



BAHAR, or BAHRE, in commerce, 

 weights used in several places in the East 

 Indies. 



There are two of these weights, the 

 one the great bahar, with which they 

 weigh pepper, cloves, nutmegs, ginger, 

 &c. and contains five hundred and fifty 

 pounds of Portagal, or about five hundred 

 and twenty-four pounds nine ounces 

 avoirdupois weight. With the little ba- 

 har they weigh quicksilver, vermilion, 

 ivory, silk, &c. It contains about four 

 hundred and thirty-seven pounds nine 

 ounces avoirdupois weight. 



BAIL, in law, the setting at liberty one 

 arrested or imprisoned, upon an action, 

 either civil or criminal, upon sureties 

 taken for his appearance, at a day and 

 place assigned ; and is either common or 

 special. 



Common bail is in actions of small pre- 

 judice or slight proof, in which case any 

 sureties are taken. But if the plaintiff 

 make affidavit that the cause of action 

 amounts to 101. or upwards, in order to 

 arrest the defendant, and make him put 

 in substantial sureties for his appearance, 

 called special bail, it is then required 

 that the true cause of action be expressed 

 in the body of the writ. 



Special bail are two or more persons, 

 who, after arrest, undertake generally, or 

 enter into bond to the sheriff in a certain 

 sum, to insure the defendant's appearance 

 at the return of the writ : this obligation 

 is called bail-bond. 



In criminal cases, all persons, by the 

 common law, might be bailed till they 

 were convicted of the offence laid to their 

 charge : the statutes have made many ex- 

 ceptions to this rule : when these do not 

 intervene, bail may, upon offering suffi- 

 cient surety, be taken either in court or, 

 in particular cases, by the sheriff, coro- 

 ner, or other magistrate, but usually by 

 justices of peace, in the following cases ; 

 persons of good fame, charged with the 

 suspicion of man-slaughter or other infe- 

 rior homicide. Persons charged with 

 petit larceny, or any felony not before 

 specified. Accessaries to felony, not be- 

 ing of evil fame, nor under strong pre- 

 sumption of guilt. Bail cannot be taken 

 upon an accusation of treason, nor mur- 

 der, nor in the case of man-slaughter, if the 



person be clearly the slayer; nor does it 

 extend to such as being committed for 

 felony have broken prison, nor to persons 

 out-lawed, nor to those who have abjured 

 the realm, nor approvers, nor persons 

 taken in the fact of felony, nor persons 

 charged w r ith house-burning, nor persons 

 taken by writ of excommunicato capiendo. 



BAILE, or BALE, in the sea language. 

 The seamen call throwing the water by 

 hand out of the ship or boat's hold bail- 

 ing. They also call those hoops that bear 

 up the tilt of a boat its bails. 



BAILLY (JEAN STLVAIN,) a celebrated 

 French astronomer, historiographer, and 

 politician, was born at Paris the 15th of 

 September, 1736, and has figured as one 

 of the greatest men of the age, being a 

 member of several academies, and an ex- 

 cellent scholar and writer. He enjoyed 

 for several years the office of keeper of 

 the king's pictures at Paris. He publish- 

 ed in 1766, a volume in 4to, " An Essay 

 on the Theory of Jupiter's Satellites," 

 preceded by a history of the astronomy 

 of these satellites. In the "Journal En- 

 cyclopedique," for May and June 1773, 

 he addressed a letter to M. Bernoulli, 

 astronomer royal at Berlin, upon some 

 discoveries relative to these satellites 

 which he had disputed. In 1768, he pub- 

 lished the Eulogy of Leibnitz, which ob- 

 tained the prize at the Academy of Ber- 

 lin, where it was printed. In 1770, he 

 printed at Paris, in 8vo, the Eulogies of 

 Charles the Vth, of De la Caille, of Leib- 

 nitz, and of Corneille. This last had the 

 second prize at the Academy of Rouen, 

 and that of Moliere had the same honour 

 at the French Academy. 



M. Bailly was admitted into the Acade- 

 my as adjunct, the 29th of January, 1763, 

 and as associate, the 14th of July, 1770. 

 In 1775 came out at Paris, in 4to, his 

 " History of the Ancient Astronomy," in 

 one volume ; in 1779, the " History of 

 Modern Astronomy," in two volumes; 

 and in 1787, the " History of the Indian 

 and Oriental Astronomy," being the se- 

 cond volume of the Ancient Astronomy. 

 Besides these, he was author of many me- 

 moirs in the several volumes of the Aca- 

 demy. 



In the beginning of the revolution in 

 France, in 1789, M. Bailly took an active 

 part in that business, and was so popular 

 and generally esteemed, that he was cho- 

 sen the first president of the states gene- 

 ral, and of the national assembly, and was 

 afterwards, for two years together, the 

 mayor of Paris ; in both which offices he 

 conducted himself with great spirit, and 

 gave general satisfaction. 



