BAR 



BAR 



sends forth from the top a great number 

 of branches, which rise and spread in all 

 dir--c : ions. These branches are loaded 

 with t wigs, on which are alternate leaves 

 ending 1 in a point. It is a native of Guia- 

 na, and flowers there in November. 



BARRICADE, or BAURICADO, a war- 

 like defence, consisting" of empty barrels 

 and such like vessels, filled with earth, 

 stones, carts, trees cut down, against an 

 enemy's shot, or assault ; but generally 

 trees cut with six faces, which are cross- 

 ed with battoons as long as a half-pike, 

 bound about with iron at the feet. 



In a vessel of war, the vacant spaces 

 between the stancheons are commonly 

 filled with rope, mat, cork, or pieces of 

 old cable, and the upper part, which con- 

 tains a double rope netting- above the sail, 

 is stuffed full with hammocks, to inter- 

 cept the motion and prevent the execu- 

 tion of small shot in the line of battle. 



BARRIER, in fortification, a kind of 

 fence made at a passage, retrenchment, 

 &c. to stop up the entry thereof, and is 

 composed of great stakes, about four or 

 five feet high, placed at the distance of 

 eight or ten feet from one another, with 

 transums, or over-thwart rafters, to stop 

 either horse or foot, that would enter or 

 rush in with violence: in the middle is a 

 jnoveable bar of wood, that opens and 

 shuts at pleasure. A barrier is commonly 

 set up in a void space, between the cita- 

 del and the town, in half-moons, &c. 



BARRINGTONIA, in botany, so nam- 

 ed from the Hon. Daines Barrington,a ge- 

 nus of the Monadelphia Polyandria class 

 and order. Natural order Hesperidese : 

 Myett, Jussieu. Essential character : 

 calyx simple, two-leaved, superior, per- 

 manent; fruit a dry four-cornered drupe, 

 inclosing a nut, one to four-celled. There 

 is but a single species, viz. B. speciosa, a 

 lofty tree, and the handsomest in the 

 whole equinoxial flora, with its thick 

 shady bunches of leaves, and its large 

 handsome, purple and white flowers 

 every where mixed with them. The 

 trunk is lofty, thick, straight ; covered 

 with a dark grey, smooth bark, scored 

 with little chinks. The branches are 

 round, expand very widely, subflexuous, 

 variously divided, covered with a chinky 

 bark, and leafy at the ends. The flowers 

 are very large, white and transparent; 

 the filaments are white, with a purple top, 

 and diaphanous at the base; the anthers 

 are gold coloured ; the style white, with 

 a purple top. The flowers open during 

 the nig-ht, and fall at sun-rise ; the birds 

 also pluck them oif, and the ground about 



these trees is perfectly covered with 

 them. The seed, mixed with the bait, 

 inebriates fish in the same manner with 

 cocculus indicus. It grows within the 

 Tropics, especially on the shores of the 

 ocean, and at the mouths of rivers in the 

 East Indies, from the southern coasts of 

 China through the Molucca Isles to Ota- 

 heite, and the other Society Isles, &c. It 

 is cultivated in the governor's garden at 

 the island of St. Helena. 



BARRISTER, in common law, a person 

 qualified and empowered to plead and de- 

 fend the cause of clients in the courts of 

 justice. They are of two sorts, the out- 

 ward or outer barristers, who, by their 

 long study in, and knowledge of the law, 

 which must be for a term of seven years 

 at least, are called to public practice, and 

 always plead without the bar. The inner 

 barristers are those, who, because they 

 are either attorney, solicitor, serjeant, or 

 counsel to the king, are allowed, out of 

 respect, the privilege of pleading within 

 the bar. But at the Rolls, and some 

 other inferior courts, all barristers are 

 admitted within the bar. 



Barristers, who constantly attend the 

 King's bench, are to have the privilege of 

 being sued in transitory actions, in the 

 county of Middlesex. The fees to a 

 counsellor are not given as hire, but as a 

 mere gratuity, which a barrister cannot 

 demand without injuring his reputation. 



BARROW (ISAAC,) a very eminent- 

 mathematician and divine, was born at 

 London in October, 1630, being the son of 

 Thomas Barrow, then a linen-draper of 

 that city, but descended from an ancient 

 family in Suffolk. He was at first placed 

 at the Charter-house school for two or 

 three years, where his behaviour afford- 

 ed but little hopes of success in the pro- 

 fession of a scholar. Being removed to 

 Felsted in Essex, his disposition took a 

 different turn ; and having soon made 

 great progress in learning-, he was first 

 admitted a pensioner of Peter-House in 

 Cambridge; but when he came to join the 

 university, in February, 1645, he was en- 

 tered ai Trinity College. He now applied 

 himself with great diligence to the study 

 of all parts of literature, especially natu- 

 ral philosophy. He afterwards turned his 

 attention to the profession of physic, and 

 made a considerable progress in anatomy, 

 botany, and chemistry : he next studied 

 divinity, then chronology, astronomy, 

 geometry, and the other branches of the 

 mathematics; with what success, his 

 writings afterwards most eminently 

 shewed. 



