BOD 



BOD 



leaved ; corolla none ; style bifid ; berry 

 dry, one-seeded. There is only one spe- 

 cies, viz. B. frutescens, shrubby bocconia, 

 tree celandine, or parrot weed, is a shrub 

 rising to the height of ten or twelve feet ; 

 with a straight trunk, as large as a man's 

 arm, covered with a white smooth bark, 

 and branched towards the top. The 

 trunk is hollow, filled with a pith, like 

 the alder, abounding in a thick yellow 

 juice, like argemone and celandine ; bran- 

 ches brittle, unequal, marked with scars 

 from the fallen leaves ; leaves from six or 

 seven inches to a foot in length ; filaments 

 ten, seldom more, longer than the leaflets 

 of the calyx, hanging down loose ; an- 

 thers longer than the filaments. It is a 

 native of the West India islands, where 

 the juice of it is used to take off' tetters 

 and warts. 



BOCK-LAND, in the Saxons' time, is 

 what we now call freehold lands, held by 

 the better sort of persons by charter or 

 deed in writing, by which name it was 

 distinguished from folkland, or copyhold 

 land, holden by the common people with- 

 out writing. 



BODIANUS, in natural history, a ge- 

 nus of fishes of the order Thoracici, of 

 which the generic character is, habit of 

 the genus Perca, gill-covers scaly, serrat- 

 ed, and aculeated ; scales generally 

 smooth. They are divided into two class- 

 es, one with divided or forked tails; the 

 other with even or rounded tails. Dr. 

 Shaw, in his excellent zoology, enume- 

 rates fifteen species. The B. luteus is 

 about fourteen inches long, and in shape 

 like a trout ; the colour is yellow, each 

 scale being deeply edged or tipped with 

 orange ; the back is purplish rose-colour, 

 with scales tipped with blue ; tail nearly 

 in the middle, but running into a lanceo- 

 late tip at each side. It is a native of the 

 South American seas. B. pentacanthus, or 

 five-spined bodian, is about 13 inches 

 long, shape nearly as in the luteus, but 

 rather more slender, colour beautiful 

 deep rose, with a silvery cast on the ab- 

 domen ; tail deadly forked, the upper 

 lobe stretching beyond the lower : an- 

 terior gill-covers armed with five strong 

 spines ; it is a native of the Brasilian seas, 

 and is very much esteemed as food. See 

 Plate II. Pisces, fig. 3. 



BODKIN, a small instrument made of 

 steel, bone, ivory, &c. used for making 

 holes. 



BODY, in physics, an extended solid 

 substance, of itself utterly passive and in- 

 active, indifferent either to motion or 

 rest ; but capable of any sort of motion, 

 and of all figures and forms. 



VOL. II. 



BODY, in geometry, is a figure extend- 

 ed in all directions, or what is usually _ 

 said to consist of length, breadth, and 

 thickness It is usually called a solid. A 

 solid or body is conceived to be formed 

 by the motion of a surface ; as a surface 

 is by the motion of a line ; and a line by 

 the motion of a point. Similar bodies are 

 in proportion to each other as the cubes 

 of their sides. There are five bociies 

 which are denominated regular or Pla- 

 tonic bodies : these have all their sides, 

 angles, and planes, similar and equal; 

 they are denominated the 



Tetraedron ""\ >. f 4 equilateral trian- 

 Hexaedron I __ I gles 



or cube L~ J ^ squares 

 Octaedron f -|S 8 triangles 

 Dodecaedron j c I 12 pentagons 

 Icosaedron J 3 \J20 triangles 



In the plate Miscel. II. fig. 1 to 5, we 

 have given the figures of each, which, it* 

 drawn on pasteboard, and cut out by the 

 bounding lines, and then the other lines 

 being half cut through, the parts may be 

 turned up and fastened together by strong 

 paste, so as to form the respective body 

 marked with the corresponding number. 

 Fig. 1 is the tetraedron : fig 2. the hex- 

 aedron : fig. 3. the octaedron : fig. 4 the 

 dodecaedron, and fig. 5 the icosaedron. 



To Jlnd the superficies or solidity of the re- 

 gular bodies. 



1. Multiply the proper tabular area (ta- 

 ken from the following table) by the 

 square of the linear edge of the solid, for 

 the superficies. 



2- Multiply the tabular solidity by the 

 cube of the linear edge, for the solid con- 

 tent. 



Table of the surfaces and solidities of the 

 five regular bodies, the linear edge 

 being 1. 



BODIES, descent of. Heavy bodies, in an 

 unresisting medium, fall with an uniform- 

 ly accelerated motion ; whence the 

 spaces descended are in the duplicate 

 ratio of the times and velocity, and in- 

 crease according to the uneven numbers 



F f 



