BON 



BOO 



ingthem in diluted acids, there remains a 

 soft white elastic substance, possessing 

 the figure of the bones, and known by the 

 name of cartilage. From the experiments 

 of Hatchett, it appears that this substance 

 has the properties of coagulated albumen. 

 This cartilaginous substance is the por- 

 tion of the bone first formed. Hence the 

 softness of these parts at first. The 

 phosphate of lime is afterwards gradually 

 deposited, and gives the bone the requi- 

 site firmness. The gelatine and fat, es- 

 pecially the first, give the bone the re- 

 quisite degree of toughness and strength ; 

 for when they are removed, the bone be- 

 comes brittle. The relative proportion of 

 phosphate of lime and cartilage differ ex- 

 ceedingly indifferent bones and in differ- 

 ent animals Ox bones, according to the 

 analysis of Fourcroy and Vauquelin, are 

 composed of 



Solid gelatine .... 

 Phosphate of lime . . . 

 Carbonate of lime . . . 

 Phosphate of magnesia . 



100.0 



See ASATOMY. 



BON IS non amovendit, in law, is a writ 

 directed to the sheriffs of London, &c. 

 charging them, that a person, against 

 whom judgment is obtained, and prose- 

 cuting a writ of error, be not suffered to 

 remove his goods until the error is deter- 

 mined. 



BONNET, in fortification, a small work, 

 consisting of two faces, having only a 

 parapet with two rows of palisadoes, 

 of about ten or twelve feet distance : 

 it is generally raised before the saliant 

 angle of the counterscarp, and has a com- 

 munication with the covered way, by a 

 trench cut through the glacis and palisa- 

 does on each side. 



BONNET, in the sea-language, denotes 

 an addition to a sail : thus they say, lace 

 on the bonnet, or shake off the bonnet. 



BONNETIA, in botany, so called in 

 honour of M. Charles Bonnet, a genus of 

 the Polyandria Monogynia class and or- 

 der. Essential character : calyx five- 

 parted, two parts larger ; corol five-pe- 

 talled, three smaller upright, two longer 

 declinate ; capsules oblong, three-celled, 

 three-valved, many seeded. There is 

 only one species, vis. B. mahuria, grows 

 in marshy places in Cayenne and Guiana, 

 a tree about fifteen feet high, branching 

 chiefly towards the top. The flowers are 

 borne on terminal spikes, and are of a 

 purple colour. 



" 



BONTIA, in botany, so called from Ja- 

 cobus Bontius, a genus of the Didynamin 

 Angiospermia class and order. Natural 

 order of Personatae. Essential charac- 

 ter : calyx five-parted ; corol two-lipped ; 

 lower lip three-parted, revolute ; drupe 

 ovate, one-seeded, with the end oblique. 

 There is but one species, viz. B. claph- 

 noides, the leaves of which are thick and 

 rather stiff, very smooth and green on 

 both sides ; corolla yellowish, with a line 

 of dusky purple along the middle of the 

 lower lip ; birds grow fat upon the fruits, 

 but unless the entrails are taken out as 

 soon as the bird is killed, it becomes too 

 bitter to be eaten. 



BOOK, liber, the composition of a man 

 of wit and learning, designed to commu- 

 nicate somewhat he has invented, experi- 

 enced, or collected, to the public, and 

 thence to posterity ; being withal of a com- 

 petent length to make a volume. 



In this sense, a book is distinguished 

 from a pamphlet, by its greater length : 

 and from a tome or volume, by its con- 

 taining the whole writing. According to 

 the ancients, a book differed from an epis- 

 tle, not only in bulk, but in that the latter 

 was folded, and the former rolled up : 

 not but that there are divers ancient book* 

 now extMn*, under the names of epislles. 



By 8 Anne, c. 19, the author of any 

 book, and his assigns, shall have the sole 

 liberty of printing and reprinting the 

 same for fourteen years, to commence 

 from the day of the first publication there- 

 of, and no longer ; except that, if the au- 

 thor be living at the expiration of the 

 said term, the sole copy right shall return 

 to him for other fourteen years ; and if 

 any other person shall print, or import, 

 or shall sell or expose it to sale, he shall 

 forfeit the same, and also one penny for 

 every sheet thereof found in his posses- 

 sion. But this shall not expose any per- 

 son to the said forfeitures, unless the ti- 

 tle thereof shall be entered in the regis- 

 ter book of the Company of Stationers. 



By statute, eleven copies of each book, 

 on the best paper, shall, before publica- 

 tion, be delivered to the warehouse-keep- 

 erof the Company of Stationers,fortheuse 

 of the Royal Library, the libraries of the 

 two universities in England, the four uni- 

 versities in Scotland, the library of Sion 

 College, the library belonging to the Col- 

 lege of Advocates in Edinburgh, the libra- 

 ry of Trinity College, Dublin, and the 

 King's Inn, Dublin, on p-iin of forfeiting 

 the value thereof, and also five pounds. 



By Stat. 34 Geo. III. c. 20, and 41 Geo. 

 III. c. 107, persons importing, for sale, 



. 



V ' *HB 



M r M 



