BOTANY, 





of Linnaeus, with same others related 

 thereto ; 75 Magnolia, composed of 

 Magnolia, Lir'.odendron, Micheliae, with 

 some others ; 76 ~dnonte, nearly allied to 

 the last, as Anona, Unona, Uvaria, and 

 Hilopia; 77. Mehiaperma t Cissampelos, 

 Memspermum, &c. ; 78. Barberidcs, Ber- 

 beris, Leontice, Epimedium, with some 

 supposed to be allied to them ; 79. Ti- 

 liac?a>, Hermannia, Sparmannia, Grewia, 

 Tilia, &.c. ; 80. Clsti, Cistus is the chief 

 and most certain of these, from which ge- 

 mis Jussieu separates Helianthemum ; 

 81. ftustacece, Tribulus, Zygophyllum,Ru- 

 ta Dictamnus, and others; many new ge- 

 nera of this order have been discovered 

 in New Holland : see Tracts relating to 

 Natural History, by Dr. Smith, who con- 

 siders Oxalis as belonging 1 here; 82, 

 Caryophylex, the Pink and Campion tribe, 

 which is very natural, as Spergula, Are- 

 naria, Dianthus, Silene, &c. 



Class XIV. Dycatyledonet) with several 

 petals, stamens inserted into the calyx or 

 corolla. 



Orders thirteen, 83. Sempervivde, a suc- 

 culent tribe, Cotyledon, Sedum, Semper- 

 vivum; 84. Saxifrages, Saxifraga, Chry- 

 sosplenium, &c. among which Hydrangea 

 must surely rather belong to the L'aprifo- 

 iia; 85. Cacti, consists of Ribes and Cactes, 

 a paradoxical association ; 86. Poriulacea, 

 Portulaca, Tamarix, Claytonia, &c. the 

 last mentioned genus is suspected to 

 be monocotyledonous; 87. Ficoidex, of 

 which the most remarkable is the vast 

 genus Mesembryanthemum; 88. Onagr<e, 

 CEnothera, Epilobium, and Jussiaea, ex- 

 emplify this, and the beautiful Fuchsia, 

 with others, are subjoined, some of which 

 belong to the following order ; 89. Myrti, 

 a fine and very natural family, composed 

 of Melaleuca, Septospermum, Eucalyptus, 

 Myrtus, Eugenia, &c. ; 90. Melustomx, 

 as Melastoma, Osbeckia, Rhexia, all re- 

 markable for handsome anthers ; 91. Sa~ 

 Ucaritf, Ly thrum, Lawsonia,Peplis, Glaux, 

 Sec.; 92. Itosaccx, a very large and fine 

 order, constituting in general the Isocan- 

 dria of Linnaeus : as Pyrus, Rosa, Fraga- 

 ria, Rubus, Primus, with many more ; 

 93 Lfgwmnot*, a still more extensive or- 

 der than the preceding, in which the 

 system under our consideration, as keep- 

 ing so natural an order entire, has much 

 the advantage of the Linnaean artificial 

 system, which being founded only on the 

 stamens, unavoidably disunites it. To this 

 are referred, Mimosa, Tamarindus, Cas- 

 sia, Poinciana, Bauhinia, Sophora, Genis- 

 ta, Lupinus, Trifolium, Phaseolus, As- 

 tragalus, Vicia, Hedysarum, Pterocarpns, 

 and many other genera related to each of 



the above ; 94. 'JTeribintacex, a rather 

 confused order ; in it we find Rim;-, Ca- 

 narium, Schinus, Pistacia, Zanthoxykim; 

 and even Juglans is put here on account 

 of a slight affinity ; 95. Jihamni is a more 

 satisfactory order ; as Euonymus, Celas- 

 trus, Cassine, Ilex, Rhamnus. &c. 



Class XV. Dicotyiedones, with stamens, 

 in separate flowers, from the pistils. 



Orders five. 96. Euphorbia, consists of 

 Mercurialis, Euphorbia, Phyllanthus, 

 Buxus, Croton, Hippomane, with several 

 more, for the most part acrid, and often 

 milky plants ; 97 Cucvrbitaceae, the 

 gourd tribe, Bryonia, Cucumis, Passi- 

 fiora, with a few more; 98 Urticce, com- 

 posed of Ficus, Morus, Urtica, Humulus, 

 Cannabis, to which, among others, Piper 

 is subjoined, as an ally ; 99 Jlmentaceae, 

 Salix, Populus, Betula, Quercus, Corylus, 

 8cc to which nlmus, Celtis, and Fother- 

 gilla, are prefixed; 100. Conifer<e, Ca- 

 suarina, Juniperus, Cupressus, are exam- 

 ples of this very distinct order. 



At the end of this system is a large as- 

 semblage of genera, under the denomina- 

 tion of PlantcE incertce sedis, as not capa- 

 ble of being referred to any of the fore- 

 going orders. Some of them, perhaps, 

 when better known, may be removed in- 

 to the body of the system, but many must 

 always remain in doubt. N"or is this to be 

 esteemed as a fault peculiar to the sys- 

 tem of Jussieu. It must be the case with 

 all natural systems, unless it were possi- 

 ble for their contrivers to have all the 

 genera of plants from every corner of the 

 earth before them at one view 



As long as any remain to be discovered, 

 or any that are discovered are imperfect- 

 ly known, every such system must be 

 defective. Besides, it appears that plants 

 are connected, not in one regular series, 

 but, as it were, in a circle, touching or 

 approaching each other by so many differ- 

 ent points, that no human sagacity can de- 

 tect which points of connection are most 

 important, so as to obtain an infallible clue 

 through so vast a labyrinth. 



A natural system of botanical arrange- 

 ment being therefore probably unattaina- 

 ble in perfection, we are obliged to be 

 content, for daily use, with an artificial 

 one. When we meet with an unknown 

 plant, we count its stamens and styles, or 

 observe any other circumstance attend- 

 ing those organs, on which the characters 

 of the Li nnaean classes are founded. Hav- 

 ing easily determined the class of our 

 plant, we in like manner ascertain its or- 

 der. We proceed to compare the parts 

 of its flower and fruit with the characters 

 of every genus in that order, till we find 



