BUD 



BUD 



Most of the bucklers were curiously 

 adorned with all sorts of figures of birds 

 and beasts, as eagles, lions : nor of these 

 only, but of the gods, of the celestial bo- 

 dies, and all the works of nature ; which 

 custom was derived from the heroic 

 times, and from them communicated to 

 the Grecians, Romans, and Barbarians. 



BUCKLEHS, votive. Those consecrated 

 to the gods, and hung up in their tem- 

 ples, either in commemoration of some 

 hero, or as a thanksgiving for a victory 

 obtained over an enemy; whose buck- 

 lers, taken in war, were offered as a tro- 

 phy. 



BUCKRAM, in commerce, a sort of 

 coarse cloth, made of hemp, gummed, ca- 

 lendered, and dyed several colours. It 

 is put into those places of the lining of a 

 garment, which one would have stiff and 

 to keep their forms. It is also used in 

 the bodies of women's gowns ; and it 

 often serves to make wrappers to cover 

 cloths, serges, and such other merchan- 

 dises, in order to preserve them and keep 

 them from the dust, and their colours 

 from fading. 



BUCOLIC, in ancient poetry, a kind of 

 poem relating to shepherds and country 

 affairs, which, according to the most ge- 

 nerally received opinion, took its rise in 

 Sicily. Bucolics, says Vossius, have some 

 conformity with comedy. Like it, they 

 are pictures and imitations of ordinary 

 life; with this difference, however, that 

 comedy represents the manners of the 

 inhabitants of cities ; and bucolics, the 

 occnpations of country people. Some- 

 times, continues he, this last poem is in 

 form of a monologue, and sometimes of a 

 dialogue. Sometimes there is action in 

 it, and sometimes only narration ; and 

 sometimes it is composed both of action 

 and narration. The hexameter verse is 

 the most proper for bucolics in the Greek 

 and Latin tongues. Moschus, Bion, The- 

 ocritus, and Virgil, are the most renown- 

 ed of the ancient bucolic poets. 



BUDDLEA, in botany, so named in 

 honour of Adam Buddie, a genus of the 

 Tetrandria Monogynia class and order. 

 Natural order of Personatae. Scrophu- 

 larix, Jussieu. Essential character : ca- 

 lyx four cleft ; corol four cleft ; stamens 

 from the divisions ; capsules two furrow- 

 ed, two-celled, many-seeded. There are 

 eight species, of which B.americana, long 

 spiked buddlea, is a shrub the height of 

 a man ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers 

 in long slender spikes, axillary, and ter- 

 minating; composed of little, opposite, 

 many-flowered, crowded racemes ; co- 

 rolla coriaceous, scarcely longer than 



the calyx. B. occidentalis ; spear-leaved 

 buddlea ; this plant is much taller than 

 the first, and divides into a greater num- 

 ber of slender branches, which are cover- 

 ed with a russet hairy bark, with long 

 spear-shaped leaves, ending in sharp 

 points; these grow opposite at every 

 joint ; at the end of the branches are pro- 

 duced spikes of white flowers, growing 

 in whorls round the stalks. It grows in 

 sheltered places in the West Indies, be- 

 ing too tender to resist the force of strong 

 winds. 



BUDDING, in gardening, is a method 

 of propagation, practised for various sorts 

 of trees, but particularly those of the 

 fruit kinds. It is the only method which 

 can be had recourse to,with certainty, for 

 continuing and multiplying the approved 

 varieties of many sorts of fruit and other 

 trees ; as, although their seeds readily 

 grow, and become trees, not one out of a 

 hundred, so raised, produces any thing 

 like the original ; and but very few that 

 are good. But trees or stocks raised in 

 this manner, or being budded with the 

 proper sorts, the buds produce invariably 

 the same kind of tree, fruit, flower, &c. 

 continuing unalterably the same after- 

 wards. 



The stocks for this use are commonly 

 raised from seed, as the kernels or stones 

 of these different sorts of fruit, &c. sown 

 in autumn or spring in beds, in the nur- 

 sery, an inch or two deep, which, when 

 a year or two old, should be transplanted 

 into nursery rows, two feet asunder, and 

 fifteen or eighteen inches distant in the 

 rows, to stand for budding upon, keeping 

 them to one stem, and suffering their 

 tops to run up entire ; when of two or 

 three years growth, or about the size of 

 the little finger at bottom, or a little 

 more, they are of a due size for budding 

 upon. 



Stocks raised from suckers arising-from 

 the roots of the trees of these different 

 sorts, layers, and cuttings of them, are 

 also made use of, but they are not so good 

 for the purpose. Budding may likewise 

 be performed occasionally upon trees 

 that already bear fruit, when intended to 

 change the sorts, or have different sorts 

 on the same tree, or to renew any par- 

 ticular branch of a tree; the operation 

 being performed on the young shoots of 

 the year, or of one or two year's growth 

 only. The most proper height to bud 

 stocks varies according to the intention, 

 but from about three or four inches to six 

 feet or more from the ground is prac- 

 tised. To have dwarf trees for walls, and 

 espaliers, &c. they must be budded from 



