BUI* 



UUP 



trees are planted in a particular manner, 

 in number two at least, to be taken in a 

 right line, the one hiding" the other, so as 

 the two may appear to the eye no more 

 than one. 



To BUOY up the cable, is to fasten some 

 pieces of wood, barrels, &c. to the cable, 

 near the anchor, that the cable may not 

 touch the ground, in case it be foul or 

 rocky, lest it should be fretted and cut 

 off. 



BU IJ HAGA, the African beaf-eater, in 

 natural history, a genus of birds of the 

 order of Picae. Generic character : its 

 bill is straight, and somewhat square ; its 

 mandibles are gibbous, entire, more gib- 

 bous externall}', and its legs well formed 

 for walking. It is found not only in Se- 

 negal, but near Caffrana. its manners 

 much resemble those of the starling. It 

 feeds on various kinds of insects, and 

 alighting on the backs of antelopes, sheep, 

 and oxen, and by pressure on the elevat- 

 ed part of the hide, which contains the 

 larvx of the oestrus, forcing this out, 

 greatly relieves the animal, and procures 

 itself an exquisite banquet. ^-^_ 



BUPHTHALMUM, in botany, a genus 

 of the Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. 

 Natural order of Composite Oppositifo- 

 lise. Corymbiferae, Jussieu. Essential 

 character : stigma of the hermaphrodite 

 floscules undivided : seeds have the sides, 

 especially in the ray, edged ; down an 

 obscure edge ; receptacle chaffy. There 

 are twelve species, of which, B. frutes- 

 cens, shrubby ox-eye, rises with several 

 woody stems from the root, and grows to 

 the height of eight or ten feet, furnish- 

 ed with leaves very unequal in size, some 

 of which are narrow and long, others 

 broad and obtuse. The foot-stalks of the 

 larger leaves have, on their upper side, 

 near their base, two sharp teeth standing 

 upward, and a little higher there are ge- 

 nerally two or three more growing on the 

 edge of the leaves. The flowers are pro- 

 duced at the ends of the branches single: 

 these are of a pale yellow colour, and 

 have scaly calyxes. It grows naturally in 

 America. B. arborescens, tree ox-eye, 

 seldom grows higher than three feet, 

 sending out many stalks from the root, 

 which are succulent ; it has spear-shaped 

 leaves, placed opposite ; the flowers are 

 produced upon foot-stalks, which are two 

 inches long. These flowers are larger 

 than those of the first sort, of a bright yel- 

 low colour. They appear in July, Au- 

 gust, and September. Some of these 

 plants are shrubs, but most of them are 

 herbs. The flowers are commonly ter- 

 minating, and mostly of a yellow colour. 



BUPLEURUM, in botany, a genus of 

 the Pentandria Digynia. Natural order 

 of Umbellate. Essential character : in- 

 volucres of the umbellule larger, five- 

 leaved; petals involuted ; fruit roundish, 

 compressed, striated. There are 19 spe- 

 cies, of which B. rotundifolium, common 

 thorough wax, so called from the singular 

 circumstance of the stalk waxing or grow- 

 ing through the leaf; the root is annual, 

 small and fibrous ; the stem a foot high, 

 upright, round; perfectly smooth, alter- 

 nately branched; every part of the plant 

 is remarkably hard and rigid, and hus a 

 slight aromatic smell. It is a native of 

 most parts of Europe. B. stellatum, star- 

 ry hare's ear, has a perennial root, with 

 a stem about 18 inches high, with long 

 grass-like root-leaves, some ending ob- 

 tusely, others drawing to a point ; scarce- 

 ly any on the stem, except one embrac- 

 ing leaf under a branch. Universal invo- 

 lucre of one, two, or tiiree leaves. Partial 

 involucre, coloured, longer than the 

 flowers, eight or nine-cleft at the edge, 

 but united at bottom, so as to form a sort 

 of basin, in which the flowers are lodged. 

 It is a native of the Alps, of Switzerland, 

 and Dauphine. Most of the Bupleurums 

 are herbaceous plants, some of them are 

 shrubby, and one is thorny ; the leaves 

 are mostly simple and entire. The little 

 flowers are yellow, and but few in an um- 

 bel. The involucre is many-leaved and 

 short, though it has sometimes only three 

 or five leaves. They are almost all of 

 them natives of Switzerland and the south 

 of France. 



BUPRESTIS, in natural history, a ge- 

 nus of insects of the order Coleoptera. 

 Generic character : antennae setaceous, 

 of the length of the thorax ; head half 

 withdrawn beneath the thorax. This ge- 

 nus of insects is very conspicuous, on ac- 

 count of the superior brilliancy of its co- 

 lours, with which many of the larger spe- 

 cies shine with a metallic lustre It is a 

 very numerous genus, consisting, accord- 

 ing to Gmelin, of 156 species. Among 

 these we shall notice the B gigantea, 

 which is the largest hitherto discovered, 

 measuring two inches and a half in length: 

 the thorax is smooth, resembling the co- 

 lour of polished beil-metal, and the wing- 

 sheaths are of a gilded copper colour, 

 with a cast of blue-green. It is a native 

 of India, China, and many other parts of 

 Asia, and is also found in South Amenca. 

 Its beauty is so very singular, that the 

 Chinese attempt to imitate it on bronze, 

 in which they have sometimes succeeded 

 so well, that the copy has been mistaken 

 for the reality. This insect proceeds 



