CAC 



CAD 



and is cultivated in England, but has ne- 

 ver yet produced flowers. C. suaveolens, 

 sweet-scented cucalia, has a perennial 

 creeping root, sending out many stalks ; 

 these rise to the height of seven or eight 

 feet, are streaked, quite simple, and ter- 

 nated by corymbs of white flowers ; 

 the peduncles above the ramifications 

 have bristle-shaped bractes scattered 

 over them, which are smooth. It is a na- 

 tive of Virginia and Canada; flowering 

 in August, and ripening its seeds in Octo- 

 ber. The roots which have been cast out 

 of the Chelsea gardens have been carried 

 by the tide to a great distance, and lodg- 

 ed on the banks of the rivers, and fasten- 

 ed themselves to the ground, where they 

 have increased so much as almost to ap- 

 pear as if they were natives. C. articu- 

 lata, jointed stalked cacalia, is an elegant 

 plant, smooth and glaucous, of an un- 

 pleasant flavour : stems many, fleshy, 

 round, upright, but weak, marked with 

 scars from the fallen leaves, and painted 

 with lines of a deep green ; florets twen- 

 ty-five, a little longer than the calyx, 

 white, with border acute, and spreading 

 much; anthers dark purple ; stigma bifid, 

 yellow ; seeds linear, crowned with a 

 white sessile egret. Found at the Cape 

 of Good Hope. It flowers in Novem- 

 ber. 



CACAO, the chocolate tree, in botany. 

 See THKOBROMA. 



CACHRYS, in botany, a genus of the 

 Pentandria Digynia class and order. Na- 

 tural order of Umbellatae. Essential cha- 

 racter : fruit subovate, angular, suberous, 

 cortical. There are five species, of which 

 C. libanotis, smooth-seeded cachrys, has 

 a thick fleshy root like fennel which runs 

 deep into the ground, sending out seve- 

 ral narrow pinnate leaves, ending in ma- 

 ny points ; between these arises a smooth 

 jointed stalk, about three feet high, 

 which is terminated by large umbels of 

 yellow flowers. Native of Sicily. C. te- 

 nuifolia, five-leaved cachrys : root peren- 

 nial, fleshy, gratefully aromatic, with 

 branches an inch thick, a cubit in length, 

 covered with a smooth bark ; umbels al- 

 most a span in diameter, consisting of 

 from sixteen to twenty rays, about two 

 inches in length ; flowers yellow. Native 

 of Montpellier, flowering in May. 



CACTUS, in botany, a genus of the 

 Icosandria Monogynia class and order. 

 Natural order of Succulents. Cacti, Jus- 

 sieu. Essential character : calyx one- 

 leafed, superior, imbricate ; corolla mani- 

 fold ; berry one-celled, many-seeded. 

 There are twenty-seven species. This 

 genus consists of succulent plants, per- 



manent in duration, singular and various 

 in structure ; generally without leaves, 

 having the stem or branches jointed ; for 

 the most part armed with spines in bun- 

 dles, with which, in many species, bris- 

 tles are intermixed. The bundles of 

 spines are placed on the top of the tu- 

 bercles in the C. mammillaris, smaller 

 melon thistle, which is tubercled all over, 

 and produces its flowers between the 

 tubercles. In C. melocactus, great melon 

 thistle, orturk's cap, the spines are rang- 

 ed in a single row on the ridge of the 

 ribs : when it is cut through the middle, 

 the inside is found to be a soft, green, 

 fleshy, substance, very full of moisture. 

 The flowers and fruit are produced in 

 circles round the upper part of the cap. 

 C. pitajaya, torch thistle, or torch wood, 

 is upright, and grows to the height of 

 eight or ten feet. The flower is whitish, 

 very handsome, but has scarcely any 

 smell ; it is half a foot in diameter, and 

 blows in the night. The fruit is of the 

 form and size of a hen's egg, of a shining 

 scarlet colour on the outside ; the pulp 

 is white, fleshy, sweet, eatable, full of 

 small black seeds. C. grandiflorus, great 

 flowering creeping cereus; and C. fla- 

 gelliformis, pink flowering creeping ce- 

 reus, are the same with those already 

 mentioned, except that the stems are 

 weak, "and cannot support themselves; 

 they therefore seek assistance, and throw 

 out roots from the stem like ivy. C. mo- 

 niliformis, necklace Indian fig ; the 

 branches are jointed, and very much flat- 

 ted ; the bundles of apines or bristles are 

 scattered over the surface, and the flow- 

 ers are produced from the edge of the 

 branches. C. phyllanthus, spleenwort- 

 leaved Indian fig, has the branches much 

 thinner, and may be fairly denominated 

 leaves ; they are indented along the edge, 

 and the flowers come out singly from the 

 indentures. The fruit in some of the 

 sorts is small, like currants, but in most it 

 is large, and shaped like a fig; whence 

 their name of Indian fig. These singular 

 plants are all natives of the continent of 

 South America and the West Indian 

 islands. 



CADENCE, in music, according to the 

 ancients, is a series of a certain number 

 of notes, in a certain interval, which 

 strike the ear agreeably, and especially 

 at the end of the song, stanza, See. It 

 consists ordinarily of three notes. Ca- 

 dence, in the modern music, may be de- 

 fined, a certain conclusion of a song, or of 

 the parts of a song, which divide it, as it 

 were, into so many numbers or periods. 

 It is when the parts terminate in a chord 



