CAL 



CAL 



jjcrature, and the state of vegetation : 

 for instance, in the word Germinal, his 

 imagination will easily conceive, by the 

 termination of the word, that the spring 

 commences; by the construction of the 

 word, that the elementary agents are 

 busied ; and by the signification of the 

 word, that the buds unfold themselves. 



As to the names of the days of the 

 week, or decade of ten days each, which 

 they have adopted instead of seven, as 

 these bear the stamp of judicial astrolo- 

 gy and heathen mythology, they are sim- 

 ply called from the first ten numbers : 

 thus, 



Primi 



Duodi 



Tridi 



Quartidi 



Quintidi 



Sextidi 



Septidi 



Octidi 



Nonidi 



Decadi 



In the almanac, or annual calendar, in- 

 stead of the multitude of saints, one for 

 each day in the year, as in the Popish ca- 

 lendars, they annex to every day the 

 name of some animal, or utensil, or 

 work, or fruit, or flower, or vegetable, 

 &c. appropriate and most proper to the 

 times. 



CALENDAR, astronomical, an instrument 

 engraved upon copper-plates, printed on 

 paper, and pasted on board, with a brass 

 slider which carries a hair, and shows by 

 inspection, the sun's meridian altitude, 

 right ascension, declination, rising, set- 

 ting, amplitude, &c. to a greater exact- 

 ness than our common globes will shew. 



CALENDAR of prisoners, a list of the 

 names of the prisoners in the custody of 

 the respective sheriffs of counties. 



CALENDARIUM fora, among bota- 

 nists, a calendar, containing an exact 

 register of the respective times, in which 

 the plants of any given province, or cli- 

 mate, germinate, expand, and shed their 

 leaves and flowers, and ripen and disperse 

 seeds. 



CALENDER, a machine used in manu- 

 factories, to press certain woollen and 

 silken stuffs and linens, to make them 

 even, smooth and glossy, or to give them 

 waves, or water them, as may be seen in 

 mohairs and tabbies. This instrument is 

 composed of two thick cylinders, or roll- 

 ers, of very hard and polished wood, 

 round which the stuffs to be calendered 

 are wound : these rollers are placed cross- 

 ways between two very thick boards, the 

 lower serving as a fixed base, and the 

 upper moveable, by means of a thick 

 screw, with a rope fastened to a spindle, 



which makes its axis: the uppermost 

 board is loaded with large stones cement- 

 ed together, weighing 20,000#>s. or more. 

 It is this weight that gives the polish, and 

 makes the waves on the stuffs about the 

 rollers, by means of a shallow indenture 

 or engraving cut in it. 



CALENDS, a Roman chronology, the 

 first day of each month, so called from 

 the Greek x *Ae <v, to proclaim ; it being 

 customary on those days to proclaim the 

 number of holy -days in each month. The 

 calends were reckoned backwards, or in 

 a retrograde order : thus the first of May 

 begins the calends of May ; the 30th of 

 April was the second of the calends of 

 May ; the 29th, the 3d, &c. to the 13th, 

 where the ides commence; which are 

 also number ed in a re trograde order to the 

 5th, where the nones begin ; and these 

 are numbered after the same manner to 

 the first of the month, which is the ca- 

 lends of April. 



CALENDULA, in botany, the mari- 

 gold, a genus of the Syngenesia Polyga- 

 mia Necessaria class and order. Natural 

 order of Composite. Corymbiferae, Jus- 

 sieu : receptacle naked, flat ; calyx ma- 

 ny-leaved, nearly equal; seeds of the 

 disk membranaceous. According to Mar- 

 tyn there are fourteen species, but Gme- 

 lin enumerates twenty-five. The flowers 

 are commonly solitary and terminating. 

 Many of the species are herbaceous, and 

 natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Of 

 the garden marigold there are the follow- 

 ing varieties, TZ. The single. The com- 

 mon double flowering. The largest very 

 double flowering. The double lemon-co- 

 loured, and the greater and smaller child- 

 ing marigold. 



CALENTES, in logic, a sort of syllo- 

 gism in the fourth, commonly called ga* 

 lenical, figure, wherein the major propo- 

 sition is universal and affirmative ; and 

 the second or minor, as well as the con* 

 elusion, universal and negative. 



This is intimated by the letters it is 

 composed of, where the A signifies an 

 universal affirmative, and the two E's as 

 many universal negatives. Ex. gr. 



CA. Every affliction in this world is 



only for a time. 

 lEn. No affliction, which is only for a 



time, ought to disturb us. 

 tEs. No affliction ought to disturb us, 



which happens in this world. 



The Aristotelians, not allowing the 

 fourth figure of syllogisms, turn this word 

 into CElAntEs, and make it only an indi- 

 rect mood of the first figure. 



