CAL 



CAL 



great masses in the vicinity of the hot 

 springs at Carlesbad in Bohemia. Parti- 

 cles of sand appear to be raised in the 

 water bv means of air-bubbles, and be- 

 come covered with calcareous earth, 

 which is deposited around them in lamel- 

 lar concretions of the size of a pea ; 

 hence the name. 4. Schaum earth, or 

 foaming earth, found in the neighbour- 

 hood of Gera, in the forest of Timrin- 

 gia ; also in the north of Ireland : it is 

 called by Werner Schaumerde, and is 

 thought by him to be nearly allied to 

 slate spar, which is another species, com- 

 posed almost entirely of carbonate- of 

 lime. The remaining species we pass 

 over as of less interest. 



CALKING, any kind of military draw- 

 ing upon paper, &c. It is performed by 

 covering the backside of the drawing with 

 a black or red colour, and fixing the side 

 so covered upon a piece of paper, waxed 

 plate, &c. This being done, every line 

 in the drawing is to be traced over with a 

 point, by which means all the outlines will 

 be transferred to the paper or plate, &c. 



CALL, among fowlers, means the noise 

 or cry of a bird, especially to its young, 

 or its mate in coupling time. 



The call of a bird, says the honourable 

 Daines Harrington, is that sound which it 

 is able to make when about a month old : 

 it is, he says, in most instances, a repe- 

 tition of one and the same note, is retained 

 by the bird as long as it lives, and is 

 common, generally, both to the cock and 

 hen. One method of catching partridges 

 is, by the natural call of a hen trained 

 for the purpose, which drawing the cocks 

 to her, gives opportunity for entangling 

 them in a net. 



CALLS are also a sort of artificial pipes, 

 made to catch several sorts of birds, by 

 imitating their notes. Different birds re- 

 quire different sorts of artificial calls ; but 

 they are most of them composed of a pipe 

 or reed, with a little leathern bag or purse, 

 somewhat in form of a bellows, which, by 

 the motion given thereto, yields a noise 

 like that of the species of bird to be taken. 

 The call for partridges is formed like a 

 boat, bored through, and fitted with a 

 pipe or swan's quill, &c. to be blown 

 with the mouth, to make the noise of the 

 cock partridge, which is very different 

 from the call of the hen. Calls for 

 quails, &c. are made of a leathern purse, 

 in shape like a pear, stuffed with horse 

 hair, and fitted at the end with the bone 

 of a cat's, hare's, or coney's leg, form- 

 ed like a flageolet : they are played by 

 squeezing the purse in the palm of the 



hand, at the same time striking on the 

 flageolet part with the thumb, to coun- 

 terfeit the call of the hen quail, 



CALL, in sea-language, a sort of whistle 

 or pipe, of silver or brass, used by the 

 boatswain and his mates to summon the 

 sailors to their duty, and direct them in 

 their several employments. It is sound- 

 ed to various strains, adapted to the dif- 

 ferent exercises, as hoisting, heaving, &c. 

 and the piping of it serves the same pur- 

 poses among sailors as the beat of the 

 drum among soldiers. 



CALL of the house, in a parliamentary 

 sense, has been sometimes practised, to 

 discoverwhetherthere be anyinthehouse 

 not returned by the clerk of the crown ; 

 but more frequently to discover what 

 members are ansent without leave of the 

 house, or just cause. In the former case, 

 the mmes of the members being called 

 over, every person answers to his name, 

 and departs out of the house, in the order 

 wherein he is called. In the latter, each 

 person stands up uncovered at the men- 

 tion of his name. 



CALLA, in botany, a genus of the Gy- 

 nandna PoJyandria class and order. Na- 

 tural order of Piperitae. Aroideae, Jussieu. 

 Essential character : spathe flat ; spadix 

 covered with floscules; calyx and petals 

 none ; berries many-seeded. There are 

 four species, of which C. xthiopica, Ethi- 

 opian calla, is a plant which grows natu- 

 rally at the Cape, but has long been an 

 inhabitant in the English gardens, 



CALLICARPA, in botany, a genus of 

 the Tetrandria Monogynia class and or- 

 der. Natural order of Dumosse. Vitices, 

 Jussieu. Essential character : calyx four 

 cleft; corolla four cleft ; berry four seed- 

 ed. There are seven species, of which 

 C. Americana, American callicarpa, is a 

 shrub from four to six feet in height ; 

 calyx cylindric ; corolla funnel form ; 

 germ superior. Native of North Ameri- 

 ca ; also of Cochinchina, which shows the 

 impropriety of the trivial name. 



CALLIGONUM, in botany, a genus of 

 the Dodecandria Tetragynia class and 

 order. Natural order of Holoraceae. Poly- 

 goneae, Jussieu. Essential character : ca- 

 lyx five-parted ; corolla none ; filaments 

 a'bout sixteen, slightly united at die base ; 

 germ superior, four-sided; nut one-celled, 

 with a crust that has several wings, or 

 many bristles. There are three species. 

 The first is a native of America, the se- 

 cond of Egypt andBarbary, and the third 

 of Cochinchina. 



CALLIONYMUS, in natural history, 

 dragonet, a genus' of fishes of the order 



