CAR 



CAR 



be trimmed, seams caulked, or any thing 

 that is faulty under water mended. 

 Hence, when a ship lies on one side when 

 she sails, she is said to sail on the careen. 



CARET, among grammarians, a charac- 

 ter marked thus A, signifying that some- 

 thing is added on the margin, or inter- 

 lined, which ought tohave come in where 

 the caret stands. 



CAREX, in botany, English sedge, a 

 genus of the Monoecia Triandria class 

 and order. Natural order of Calamariae. 

 Cyperoidex, Jussieu. Essential charac- 

 ter: ament imbricate ; calyx one-leafed; 

 corolla none; female, nectary inflated; 

 three-toothed; stigmas three; seeds three- 

 sided, within the 'nectary. There are 

 ninety-seven species. These plants are 

 very nearly allied to the grasses, agreeing 

 with them in their general appearance 

 and leaves. They are, however, of a 

 much harsher texture ; the stem is not 

 hollow, but filled with a spongy sub- 

 stance. The difference in the fructifica- 

 tion is very considerable, as will appear 

 from a comparison of the generic cha- 

 racters. They are perennial, and flower 

 in May and June. The carices' or sedges 

 are classed rather among the noxious 

 plants than with such as are useful, for 

 they yield a very course grass and fodder, 

 to the exclusion of real grass and other 

 profitable plants, which they subdue by 

 their strong creeping roots. 



CARGO, denotes all the merchandize 

 and effects which are laden on board a 

 ship, exclusive of the crew, rigging, am- 

 munition, provisions, guns, &c. though 

 all these load it sometimes more than the 

 merchandize. 



We say that a ship has its cargo, when 

 it is as full of merchandize as it can hold; 

 that it has half its cargo, when it is but 

 half full ; that it brings home a rich catgo, 

 when it is laden with precious merchan- 

 dize and in great quantity ; that the mer- 

 chant has made the whole cargo of the 

 ship, or only one half, or one quarter of 

 the cargo, when he has laden the whole 

 ship at his own expense, or only one half, 

 or one fourth of it. 



Disposing of any part of the cargo, be- 

 fore the vessel reaches her intended port, 

 is called breaking bulk. 



CAKGO, super, a person employed by 

 merchants to go a voyage, and oversee 

 the cargo, and dispose of it to the best 

 advantage. 



CARLCA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Dioecia Decundria, or rather Polygamia 

 class and order. Natural order of Tri- 

 coccze. Cucurbitacese, Jussieu. Essen- 



tial character: male calyx very small, 

 five-toothed; corolla five-parted, funnel- 

 form ; filaments in the tube of the corolla, 

 alternately shorter ; herm. calyx five- 

 toothed ; corolla five-parted ; stigmas 

 five; berry one-celled, many seeded. 

 There are two species, viz. C. papaya, 

 common papaw-tree, and C. posoposo, 

 dwarf papaw-tree. These plants, be- 

 ing natives of hot countries, will not 

 thrive in England without the assistance 

 of the warm stove. Where there are 

 conveniences of a proper height, they 

 deserve a place, as well as almost any of 

 the plants which are cultivated for orna- 

 ment. They grow to the height of twen- 

 ty feet, with upright stems, garnished on 

 every side near the top with large shining 

 leaves. The flowers of the male sort 

 come out in clusters on all sides, and the 

 fruit of the female growing round the 

 stalks between the leaves, forming alto- 

 gether a beautiful appearance. 



CARICATURA, in painting, denotes 

 the concealment of real beauties, and 

 the exaggeration of blemishes, but still 

 so as to preserve a resemblance of the 

 object. 



CARIES, in surgery, the ulceration of 

 a bone. See SURGERY. 



CAR1NA, in botany, a keel, the name 

 which Linnaeus gives to the lower con- 

 cave petal of a pea bloom, or butterfly- 

 shaped flower, from its supposed resem- 

 blance to the keel of a ship. 



CARISSA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Pentandria Monogvnia class and order. 

 Natural order of Contorts. Apocinese, 

 Jussieu. Essential character: corolla con- 

 torted ; berries two, many seeded. There 

 are two species, natives of the East-Indies 

 and Africa. 



CARLINA, in botany, English carline 

 thistle, a genus of the Syngenesia Poly- 

 gamia JEqualis class and order. Natural 

 order of Compound Flowers : division of 

 Capitate. Cinarocephalae, Jussieu. Es- 

 sential character : calyx radiated, with 

 long, coloured, marginal scales. There 

 are nine species, most of them natives of 

 the South of France, Italy, and Spain. 



CARLINES, or CARLIIVGS, in a ship, 

 two pieces of timber, lying fore and aft, 

 along from beam to beam, whereon the 

 ledges rest on which the planks of the 

 ship are fastened. All the carlings have 

 their ends let into the beams culvertail- 

 wise: they are directly over the keel, 

 and serve as a foundation for the whole 

 body of the ship. 



CARMINATIVES, in pharmacy, me- 

 dicines used in cholics, or other flatulent 



