CAR 



CAR 



vaceae, Jussieu. Essential character: mo- 

 nogynous; calyx simple, tubular, trun- 

 cate ; petals ensiform ; pome five-groov- 

 ed, two-celled. There are two species, 

 of which C. princeps is a large thornless 

 tree. Leaves alternate ; stipules two, 

 short, caducous. Flowers solitary, very 

 large and beautiful ; petals yellow. The 

 fruit has the appearance of that of the 

 chocolate, or of cucumber, with seeds 

 like almonds; native of Guiana. 



C AROLUS, an ancient English broad 

 piece of gold, struck under Charles I. Its 

 value has of late been at twenty-three 

 shillings sterling, though at the time it 

 was coined it is said to have been rated 

 at only twenty shillings. 



CAROLrs, a small copper coin, with a 

 little silver mixed with it, struck under 

 Charles VIII, of France 



CAROTIDS, in anatomy, two arteries 

 of the neck, which convey the blood from 

 the aorta to the brain, one called the right 

 carotid, and the other the left. See ANA- 

 TOMY. 



CAROXYLON, in botany, a genus of 

 the Pentandria Monogynia class and or- 

 der. Essential character : corolla five- 

 petalled ; nectary five-leaved, converg- 

 ing, inserted into the corolla; seed cloth- 

 ed. There is but one species, viz. C. 

 salsola; has a perennial root ; stem ar- 

 borescent, erect, very branching, naked. 

 Leaves on the branchlets, frequent, im- 

 bricate, sessile, subglobtilar, ovate, con- 

 cave within and smooth; axils loaded 

 with other leaves. In Africa they use the 

 ashes with mutton suet to make soap. 



CARPENTRY, the art of cutting, 

 framing, and joining pieces of wood, for 

 the uses of building. It is one of the 

 sciences subservient to architecture, and 

 is divided into house carpentry and ship- 

 carpentry ; the first is employed in rais- 

 ing, roofing, flooring of houses, &c. and 

 the second in the building of ships, 

 barges, &c. The rules in carpentry are 

 much the same with those of joinery ; the 

 only difference is, that carpentry is used 

 in building, and joinery in furniture. 



CARPESIUM, in botany, a genus of 

 the Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua class 

 and order. Natural order of Compound 

 flowers; division of Discoideae. Corym- 

 biferse, Jussieu. Essential character : ca- 

 lyx imbricate ; the outer scales reflex; 

 down none ; receptacle naked. There 

 are swo species, viz. C. cernuum, droop- 

 ing carpesium, is a native of the south of 

 France, Italy, Carniola, Austria, Switzer- 

 Hjul, and Japan; and C. abrotanoides is 

 a native of China and Japan. 



'.T: 'h'.s hrnutiful covering for 



floors is of several descriptions, being- 

 made of various materials, and various 

 forms. The Turkey, Persia, and Brus- 

 sels carpets, are chiefly made of silk ; 

 the two former, owing to the vivid co- 

 lours with which the materials are dyed, 

 and the fineness of the texture, are pecu- 

 liarly rich and beautiful. We have vari- 

 ous extensive manufactories, of which 

 those at Wilton and Kidderminster may 

 be accounted the principal. Carpets are 

 there made in large pieces, suited to the 

 full extent of apartments ; while the 

 Scotch carpetting, being made in breadths 

 of not more than four feet, affords tht* 

 convenience of making up to any size ; 

 but it is not so lasting. The great car- 

 pets are made on frames and rollers, not 

 unlike those for tapestry, and under 

 similar guidance, where the pattern 

 is intricate. Carpet-making supports 

 many thousands of the industrious poor 

 of this country ; and being almost whol- 

 ly founded on the produce of our own 

 island, is of great importance as a national 

 benefit. 



CARPHALEA, in .botany, a genus of 

 the Tetrandria Monogynia class and order, 

 corolla one-petalled, funnel-form, hairy 

 within; calyx four-cleft, with spatulate 

 scarious segments ; capsule two-celled, 

 two-valved, many-seeded. One species, 

 C. corymbosa, found in Madagascar. 



CARPINUS, in botany, English horn- 

 beam, a genus of the Monoecia Polyandria 

 class and order. Natural order of Ainen- 

 taceae. Essential character ; calyx one- 

 leafed, with a ciliate scale ; corolla none ; 

 male stamens twenty ; female germs two, 

 with two styles on each ; nut ovate. 

 There are four species, of which C. be- 

 tulus, horn-beam, is very common in ma- 

 ny parts of England, but is rarely suffered 

 to grow as a timber tree, being generally 

 reduced to pollards by the country peo- 

 ple ; but where the young trees have 

 been properly treated, they have grown 

 to a large size, nearly seventy feet in 

 height, with large fine stems perfectly 

 straight and sound. 



CARPODETUS, in botany, a genus of 

 the Pentandria Monogynia class and or- 

 der. Essential character ; calyx five- 

 toothed, fastened to the gerrn ; corolla 

 five-petalled ; stigma flat-headed ; berry 

 globular, five-celled. There is but one 

 species, viz. C, serratus, a native of New 

 Zealand. 



CARR, among the ancients, a kind of 

 throne, mounted on wheels, and used in 

 triumphs and other solemn occasions. The 

 carr on medals, drawn by horses, lions, 

 or elephants, signifies a triumph, or an 



