CAT 



CAV 



A cathedral was originally different 

 from what it is now, the Christians, till 

 the time of Constantino, having no liberty 

 to build any temple. By their churches 

 they only "meant their assemblies ; and 

 by their' cathedrals, nothing- more than 

 consistories. 



CATHETER, in surgery, a fistulous 

 instrument, usually made of silver, or silk 

 coated with caoutchouc, to be intro- 

 duced into the bladder, to discharge 

 the urine when suppressed. See SUR- 

 GERY. 



CATHETUS, in geometry, aline or ra- 

 dius falling perpendicularly on another 

 line or surface : thus the "catheti of a 

 right angled triangle are the two sides 

 that include the right angle. 



CATOPTRICS, that part of optics that 

 treats of reflex vision, and explains the 

 laws and properties of reflection, chiefly 

 founded upon this truth, that the angle of 

 reflection is always equal to the angle of 

 incidence ; and from thence deducing the 

 magnitudes, shapes, and situations, of the 

 appearances of objects seen by the reflec- 

 tion of polished surfaces, and particularly 

 plane, spherical, conical, and cylindrical 

 ones. See OPTICS. 



CATTLE. Under this term are com- 

 prehended horses and oxen of both sexes 

 and of all ages ; these we term black cat- 

 tle : while sheep, goats, &c. come under 

 the designation of small cattle. The 

 whole tribe are granivorous, and may be 

 very easily maintained without the aid of 

 the plough, though it is certain that the 

 produce of tilled land will pay better, 

 when appropriated to the support of cat- 

 tle, than common pastures, or even arti- 

 ficial grasses. The latter, such as clover, 

 saintfoin, burnet, &c. are superior to 

 common meadow hay, for the purposes 

 of winter fodder ; making the animals 

 appear better in their coats, or hair, and 

 causing them to fatten, and to endure fa- 

 tigue, far beyond what they could un- 

 dergo on common field grass, or its 

 hay. We have thousands of cattle -mar- 

 kets, where beasts of all descriptions 

 may be purchased, in every stage of con- 

 dition, and in all their varieties. The 

 great improvements made of late years 

 in farming, added to our great increase 

 of population, have rendered the busi- 

 ness of feeding cattle of great impor- 

 tance. 



CATTLE, law relating to. By a statute 

 of Edward VI. no person shall buy any 

 ox, 8tc. and sell the same again alive in 

 the same market, or fair, on pain of for- 

 feiting' double the value, thereof, half to 



the King, and half to him that shall sue. 

 This is the act against forestalling, re- 

 grating, &c. 



C ATURUS, in botany, a genus of the 

 Dioecia Triandria class and order. Na- 

 tural order of Tricoccse. Euphorbias, 

 Jussieu. There are two species : C. spi- 

 ciflorus is a tree about twenty feet in 

 height, with many branches diffused all 

 round ; the wood is white and close, with 

 a thick, dusky, unctuous, inodorous bark, 

 and a yellow pith within ; the fruit is a 

 round, yellowish-green, insipid berry, in- 

 closing one round green seed. Native of 

 the East Indies. C. scandens is a native 

 of the woods of Cochin China. 



CAVA, or VENA CAVA, in anatomy, 

 a vein arising with a large sinus from 

 the right auricle of the heart. See ASA- 

 TOM r. 



CAVALIER, in fortification, an eleva- 

 tion of earth, of different shapes, situated 

 ordinarily in the gorge of a bastion, bor- 

 dered with a parapet, and cut into more 

 or less embrasures, according 1 to the ca- 

 pacity of the cavalier. 



CAVALRY, a body of soldiers that 

 charge on horseback, and may properly 

 be called the right arm of the army : they 

 are of great service in disturbing the 

 enemy by their frequent excursions, in 

 intercepting convoys, and destroying the 

 country. The cavalry is divided into 

 squadrons, and encamp on the wings of 

 the army. 



CAUC ALIS, in botany, a genus of the 

 Pentandria Digynia class and order. Na- 

 tural order of Umbellatae. Essential cha- 

 racter : corolla radiated, in the disc ; 

 male, petals inflex-emarginate ; fruit his- 

 pid ; with bristles ; involucres entire. 

 There are nine species. These plants 

 are all annual, or at most biennial, and 

 are seldom cultivated, except in botanic 

 gardens. They will rise readily from 

 seeds, where they are permitted to scat- 

 ter, and will grow in any soil and situa- 

 tion. 



CAVEAR, C A VEER, or CAVIART, the 

 spawn or hard roes of sturgeon, made 

 into small cakes, an inch thick, and of 

 an hand's breadth, salted and dried in 

 the sun. 



The French and Italians get the cavear 

 from Archangel, but they seldom get it 

 at the first hand, for they commonly buy 

 it of the English and Dutch. 



CAVEAT, in law, a kind of process in 

 the spiritual courts, to stop the proving of 

 a will, the granting letters of administra- 

 tion, &c. to the prejudice of another. It 

 is also used to stop the, institution of a 



