CEO 



CED 



which is extremely common, and gene- 

 rally grows as large as a man's middle 

 finger. 3. The cockspur, which takes 

 that name from its shape, and is highly 

 pungent. 4. The caffree, which is round 

 and wrinkled, and ordinarily about the 

 size of a small medlar. All these may 

 be raised from the seed on hot-beds, 

 and planted out in June. They are bien- 

 nials in their native climate ; viz. in Cay- 

 enne, whence the pepper derives its 

 name, and in every part of the torrid 

 zone ; but we cannot keep them through 

 the winter. Cayenne is esteemed a stimu- 

 lant, and commonly has a place among 

 the sauces, &c. intended for the table. 



CAYS, a term used by sailors to denote 

 the little islands and rocks that are almost 

 every where dispersed among the West 

 India islands. 



CAZEMATE, or CASEMATE, in fortifi- 

 cation, a certain retired platform in the 

 flank of a bastion, for the defence of 

 the moat and face of the opposite bas- 

 tion. 



CEANOTHUS, in botany, a genus of 

 the Pentandria Monogy nia class and order. 

 Natural order of Dumosae. Rhamni, Jus- 

 sieu. Essential character: petals five, 

 sacular, vaulted ; berry dry, three-celled, 

 three-seeded. There are six species, of 

 which C. Americanus, American ceano- 

 thus, or New-Jersey tea, seldom rises 

 more than three or four feet high in Eng- 

 land, sending out branches on every side 

 from the ground upward. These branches 

 are ornamented with oval pointed leaves, 

 having three longitudinal veins running 

 from the foot-stalk to the point, and di- 

 verging in the broad part of the leaves 

 from each other; at the extremity of 

 eachshoet the flowers are produced in 

 close thick spikes, and are composed 

 of five small petals of a clear white. 

 These appear in July, making a pretty 

 appearance during their continuance ; for 

 as every shoot is terminated by one of 

 these spikes, the whole shrub is covered 

 over with flowers, the branches growing 

 very close to each other; and when the 

 autumn proves mild, these shrubs often 

 flower again in October. 



CECROPIA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Dioecia Diandria class and order. Natu- 

 ral order of Scabridae. Urticae, Jussieu. 

 Essential character, male ; spathe cadu- 

 cous ; ament imbricate, with turbinate 

 scales ; compressed-quadrangular ; corol- 

 la none ; female as in the male ; germus 

 imbricate : style one ; stigma lacerated ; 

 berry one-seeded. There is but one 

 species, vis. C. peltata, trumpet-tree, or 



snake-wood ; this tree commonly rises to 

 a considerable height, being seldom un- 

 der forty feet in the most perfect state. 

 The trunk and branches arc hollow every 

 where, and stopped from space to space 

 with membranous septas, answering to so 

 many light annular marks in the surface. 

 The wood of this tree, when dry, is very 

 apt to take fire by attrition : the native 

 Indians always kindle their fires in the 

 woods by rubbing a piece of it against 

 some harder wood- The bark is strong 

 and fibrous, and is frequently used for 

 cordage. It is a native of South Ameri- 

 ca, Jamaica, and other West India 

 Islands. 



CEDAR, comprehended by Linnaeus 

 among the junipers. See JUNIPER. Ce- 

 dar-wood, which is of a fragrant smell 

 and fine grain, is^almost incorruptible, 

 by reason of its bitterness, which renders 

 it distasteful to worms. Historians tell 

 us, that some of this timber was found 

 in the temple of Apollo at Utica, 2000 

 years old. The cedars of Lebanon are 

 famous as having been used by Solomon 

 in building the temple at Jerusalem. 



CEDRELA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Pentandria Monogynia class and order. 

 Natural order of Miscellaneae. Meliae, Jus- 

 sieu. Essential character : calyx wither- 

 ing ; corolla five-petalled, funnel-form, 

 fastened by the base to the receptacle to 

 one-third of its length ; capsule woody, 

 five-celled, five-valved; seeds imbricate 

 downwards, with a membranaceous wing. 

 There is but one species ; viz. C. odorata, 

 Barbadoes bastard cedar ; rises with a 

 straight stem to the height of 70 or 80 

 feet : while young the bark is smooth, 

 and of an ash colour ; but as it advances, 

 the bark becomes rough, and of a darker 

 colour. Toward the top it shoots out 

 many side branches, garnished with 

 winged leaves, composed of sixteen pair 

 of leaflets, which are broad at their base, 

 and are near two inches long, of a pale co- 

 lour ; these emit a rank odour in the sum- 

 mer season, so as to be very offensive. 

 The fruit is oval, about the size of a par* 

 tridge's egg, smooth, of a dark'colour, and 

 opens in five parts, having a five-cornered 

 column standing in the middle, between 

 the angles of which the winged seeds are 

 closely placed, lapping over each other 

 like the scales offish. This tree is com- 

 monly known under the name of cedar in 

 the British West India islands. 



CEDROTA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Octandria Monogynia class and order. 

 Essential character : calyx six-parted ; 

 corolla none ; germ superior, surrounded 



