CHA 



CHA 



selves. All frauds, for which there is no 

 remedy at law, are cognizable here ; as 

 also all breaches of trust, and unreasona- 

 ble or unconscionable engagements. It 

 will compel men to perform their agree- 

 ments ; will remove mortgageors and obli- 

 gors against penalties and forfeiture, on 

 payment of principal, interest, and costs ; 

 will rectify mistakes in conveyances ; will 

 grant injunctions to stay waste ; and re- 

 strain the proceedings of inferior courts, 

 that they exceed not their authority and 

 jurisdiction. This court will not retain a 

 suit for any thing under 101. value ; ex- 

 cept in cases of charity, nor for lands un- 

 der 40s. per annum. 



CHANCRE, a venereal ulcer. Se SUR- 

 GERY. 



CHANGES, in arithmetic, the varia- 

 tions or permutations of any number of 

 things, with regard to their position, 

 order, &c. The method of finding out 

 the number of changes, is by a continual 

 multiplication of all the terms in a series 

 of arithmetical progressionals, whose 

 first term, and common difference, is 

 unity, or 1 ; and last term the num- 

 ber of things proposed to be varied, viz. 

 !X2x3x4x5x6x7,&c.as will 

 appear from wh<at follows : 



1. If the things proposed to be va- 

 ried are only two, they admit of a dou- 

 ble position, as to order of place, and no 

 more. 



Thus, 



2. And if three things are proposed to 

 be varied, they may be changed six seve- 

 ral ways, as to their order of places, and 

 DO more. 



For, beginning with 1, there 7 1 . 2 

 will be 51.3 



Next, beginning with 2, there 2.1 

 will be 52.3 



Again, beginning with 3, it 3 .1 

 will be 53.2 



"Which, in all, make 6, or 3 times 2 ; viz. 

 1X2X3 = 6. 



3. Suppose 4 things were supposed to 

 be varied, then they admit of 24 several 

 changes, as to their order of different 

 places. 



}1.2 

 1 . 2 

 1 .3 

 1.3 

 1 .4 

 1 . 4 



And for the same reason there will be 



6 different changes when 2 begins the 



order, and as many when 3 and 4 begin 



the order ; which, in all, is 24 = 1 X 2 



VOL. III. 



X 3 X 4. And by this method of pro- 

 ceeding it may be made evident, that 5 

 things admit of 120 several variations or 

 changes, and 6 things of 720. 



Thus, if it be required, in how many 

 different ways seven persons may be 

 placed at table, the answer is 1 X 2 X 3 

 X 4x5x6x7 = 5040. The follow- 

 ing table will shew the several variations 

 and changes of any number of things up 

 to 12. 



They may thus be continued on to any 

 assigned number. Suppose to 24, the num- 

 ber of letters in the alphabet, which will 

 admit of 620448401733239439360000 se- 

 veral variations. 



Since on 12 bells there would be, by 

 the table, 479001600 changes: suppose 

 10 changes to be rung in a minute, that is 

 10 X 12, or 120 strokes in a minute, it 

 would even then require upwards of 90 

 years to ring over all the changes on the 

 12 bells. 



CHANGES of quantities^ in algebra, the 

 same with what is otherwise called com- 

 bination. See COMBINATION. 



CHANNEL, in hydrography, the deep- 

 est part of a river, harbour, strait, &c. 

 which is most convenient for the track of 

 shipping, also an arm of the sea running 

 between an island and the main or conti- 

 nent, as the British Channel. 



CHAOS, in natural history, a genus of 

 insects, belonging to the order Zoophyta. 

 The body has no covering ; no joints ; no 

 external organs of sensation. There are 

 five species, most obtained by fusion of 

 different vegetables in water, and seen 

 only by the aid of the microscope. 



CHAPLAIN, an ecclesiastic, who offi- 

 ciates in a chapel. The King of Great 

 Britain hath forty-eight chaplains in ordi- 

 nary, usually eminent doctors in divinity, 



T 



