CHA 



CHA 



Latitude of southermost ex- 

 tremity of Guaduloupe 15 5'2 f N. 



Latitude of northermost ex- 

 tremity of Grenada - - 12 14' N. 



Distance 3 38' =218 M. 



2. When the given places are under 

 the same parallel. 



Rule. If that parallel is the equator, 

 the difference, or sum of their longitudes 

 is the distance between them. If not, 

 take half the interval between the given 

 places, lay it off' on the meridian on each 

 side of the given parallel, and the inter- 

 cepted degrees will be the distance be- 

 tween the places. If the given parallel is 

 near the north or south extremity of the 

 chart, the following method may be used. 

 Take an extent of a few degrees from 

 that part of the meridian where the given 

 parallel is the middle of the extent; 

 then the number of extents, and parts 

 of an extent, contained between the 

 given places, being multiplied by the 

 length of an extent, will give the required 

 distance. 



Example. Required the distance be- 

 tween Cape Canton and Funchal, both 

 lying nearly in the same parallel. By 

 proceeding as directed above, the dis- 

 tance will be found to be 6 44', or 404 

 tpiles. 



3. When the given places differ both 

 in latitude and longitude. 



Rule. Find the difference of latitude 

 between the given places, and take it 

 from the equator or graduated parallel ; 

 then lay the edge of a scale over the 

 given places, and move or slide one point 

 of the compass along the edge of the 

 scale, until the other point just touches a 

 parallel. Now, the distance between 

 the place where the point of the compass 

 rested, and the point of intersection of 

 the edge of the scale and parallel being 

 applied to the equator, or divided paral- 

 lel, will give the distance between the 

 places in degrees and parts of a degree ; 

 which, multiplied by 60, will give the dis- 

 tance in miles. 



Example. Required the distance be- 

 tween Cape Finisterre and Porto Santo. 



Take the difference of latitude be- 

 tween the given places, viz. 9 54', from 

 the graduated parallel, and move one 

 point of the compass along the edge of 

 the scale, laid previously over these 

 places, until the other point just touches 

 a parallel : now the interval between the 



place where the point of the compass 

 rented, and the point of intersection of 

 the scale, and parallel, being applied to 

 the divided parallel, will measure 11 24', 

 or 684 miles. 



CHART A, magna, an ancient instru- 

 ment, containing several privileges and 

 liberties grunted to the church and state 

 by Edward the Confessor, together with 

 others relating to the feudal laws of Wil- 

 liam the Conqueror, granted by Henry I. 

 all confirmed by the succeeding princes. 

 See MAGSA CHARTA. 



CHARTER, in law, a written instru- 

 ment or evidence of things acted be- 

 tween one person and another. 



CnARTER-/>arfy, is a contract under 

 hand and seal, executed by the freighter 

 and the master or owner of the ship, con- 

 taining the terms upon which the ship is 

 hired to freight ; the masters and owners 

 usually bind themselves, the ship, tackle, 

 and furniture, that the goods freighted 

 shall be delivered (dangers of the sea ex- 

 cepted) well conditioned, at the place of 

 the discharge ; and they also covenant to 

 provide mariners, tackle, &c, and to 

 equip the ship complete and adequate to 

 the voyage. The freighter stipulates to 

 pay the consideration money for the 

 freight ; and penalties are annexed to en- 

 force the reciprocal covenants. A char- 

 ter-party is the same in the civil law as at; 

 indenture at common law : and is distin- 

 guished from a bill of lading, inasmuch as 

 the former adjusts the term of the freight, 

 and the latter ascertains the contents of 

 the cargo. 



CHARTERS of community, were certain 

 privileges, first obtained by violence or 

 purchase, and afterwards freely bestowed 

 by emperors, kings, and barons ; where- 

 by the inhabitants of towns and cities 

 were enfranchised, all marks of servitude 

 abolished, and these cities, &c. were 

 formed into corporations and bodies po- 

 litic, to be governed by a council and ma- 

 gistrates of their own nomination. The 

 first person who conferred these privi- 

 leges was Lewis the Gross in France, 

 about the beginning of the twelfth cen- 

 tury ; and his example was soon very ge- 

 nerally followed. These charters con- 

 vey a very striking representation of the 

 wretched condition of cities previous to 

 the institution of communities, when they 

 were subject to the judges appointed by 

 the superior lords, of whom they held, 

 and had scarcely any other law but their 

 will. 



CHARTER of the forest, is that wherein 

 the laws of the forest are comprised and 

 established. In the time of King John, 



