CHE 



CHE 



acjdson the compound combustibles, re- 

 ference must be made to the respective 

 articles. 



It would carry us too far into the busi- 

 ness of arrangement in this place, if .we 

 -were not to adopt the same proceeding 

 of referring 1 to the parts and products of 

 VEGETABLE and ANIMAL bodies ; we shall 

 therefore only mention five classes of 

 the products of organized substances, 

 which, from their exclusive application 

 to chemical operations, cannot be passed 

 without notice. These, in the last re- 

 sults, ailbrd carbon and hydrogen, or 

 carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They 

 are, (a) alcohol, or spirit, ardent ; (6) 

 ether ; (c) oils, volatile ; (</) oils, fixed ; 

 (e) bitumens. 



CHENOLEA, in botany, a genus of 

 the Pentandria Monogynia class and or- 

 der : natural order of Holoracex : Atripli- 

 ces, Jussieu. Essential character: calyx 

 globular, one-leafed, five-parted; capsule 

 one-celled, containing one smooth seed, 

 bifid at the tip. There is but one spe- 

 cies, viz. C. diffusa, which is a native of 

 the Cape of Good Hope. 



CHENG PODIUM, in botany, English 

 goose foot, a genus of the Pentandria 

 Digynia class and order : natural order of 

 Holoracex : Atripliccs, Jussieu. Essen- 

 tial character, calyx five-leaved, five-cor- 

 nered; corolla none ; seed one, centicu- 

 lar, superior. There are twenty -three 

 species. The C. anthelminticum is, as 

 its name imports, a medicine possessing 

 the property of expelling worms ; worm-, 

 oil, as it is called, is made principally of 

 this plant. It is a native in many parts of 

 the United States, and Pursh says is com- 

 mon in the streets of Philadelphia 



CHERLERIA, in botany, so called in 

 honour of Cherler, assistant and son-in- 

 law to John Bauhin : a genus of the De- 

 candria Trigynia class and order: natu- 

 ral order ofCaryophyllei. Essential cha- 

 racter : calyx five-leaved ; nectaries, five, 

 bifid, resembling petals* ; anthers alter- 

 nate, barren ; capsule one-celled, three- 

 valved, three-seeded. There is but one 

 species, viz C. sedodides ; stone crop 

 cherleria. It is fonnd on the mountains 

 of Dauphine, Switzerland, Savoy, the 

 Valais, Austria, Carniola, and the High- 

 lands of Scotland. Perennial ; flowering 

 in August. 



CIIERMES, in natural history, a genus 

 of insects of the order Hemiptera. 

 Generic character; snout placed in the 

 breast, with three inflected bristles ; an- 

 tennae filiform, pubescent longer than the 

 thorax; four w r ings deflected; thorax 

 gibbous; hind legs formed for leaping. 



There are 24 species. They inhabit va- 

 rious trees and plants, and produce, by 

 their punctures, protuberances and ex- 

 crescences of various shapes and sizes, in 

 which are frequently enclosed the eggs 

 and insects in their several states the 

 larva is six-footed and apterous : the pupa 

 is distinguished by two protuberances on 

 the thorax, which are the rudiments of 

 future wings. C. alni is founded on the 

 leaves and shoots of alder ; its larva 

 is entirely covered about the hinder part 

 by viscid down or cotton ; tins, if pur- 

 posely rubbed off, is quickly repr^luced 

 by the animal, which secretes the white 

 fibres from large pores placed in a circle 

 at some distance from the vent. These 

 larva are gregarious, often appearing in 

 such numbers on the shoots of the tree 

 that the whole shoot appears covered 

 with cotton, which, if toucled with the 

 finger, separates into distinct tufts, from 

 the animals being suddently disturbed, 

 and moving in all directions. C. buxi ; 

 antennae setaceous ; wings yellowish 

 brown. Its punctures make the leaves 

 bend in towards each other at their ex- 

 tremity, forming & hollow knob, in which 

 the larva are enclosed. 



CHERRY tree, in botany. See Pnu- 



CHESNUTfrar. See FAGUS. 



Next to the oak, the chesnut timber is 

 most coveted by carpenters and joiners. 

 It likewise makes the best stakes, pallisa- 

 does, vine props, hop-poles, &c. and is 

 also proper for mill timber and water- 

 works. It is likewise fit for chests, ta- 

 bles, bedsteads, columns, &c. 



CHESS, a game played by two per- 

 sons .sitting vis-a-vis, and having between 

 them a square board, containing 64 rec- 

 tangular chequers, alternate white and 

 black : each player has the white corner 

 square at his right hand. The pieces 

 are as follows, for each party. A queen, 

 which is always placed on her own co- 

 lour : thus the white queen is on a white 

 square, the fourth from the corner, and 

 the black queen on the black square, fac- 

 ing- the white queen. Their respective 

 kings are then placed by the sides of the 

 queens, so that each couple occupy the 

 two centre squares on the lines nearest 

 the players. Two bishops are then plac- 

 ed, one on the side of the king, the 

 other on the side of the queen, on squares 

 of different colours. Bishops are gene- 

 rally distinguished by a kind of mitre on 

 their tops : at the bides of the bishops 

 are placed the two knights, also on differ- 

 ent coloured squares: these are usually 

 distinguished by horses' heads, or by 



