CHE 



CHI 



This operation is resorted to, either 

 tor the purpose of withdrawing the king 1 

 from an attack directed against the square 

 on which he is placed, or against that of 

 his pawn ; or it is used as the means of 

 opening- a communication between the 

 two castles, when all the intermediate 

 pieces are removed; or to strength en the 

 defence of the centre pawns, as well as 

 to carry the game into the centre of the 

 adversary's board. It is to be remarked, 

 that the centre is ever to be strongly de- 

 fended, if the measures pursued by the 

 other party should admit. When the la- 

 teral game is played, that defence must 

 be adopted which circumstances demand. 

 The judicious chess player never makes 

 an useless move, nor leaves a pawn or a 

 piece unprotected. He forms his plans 

 regularly, so as to calculate with preci- 

 siph what would be the position of the 

 pieces after four or five moves he has in 

 contemplation may have been made. He 

 looks more to the solidity of his measures 

 than to little ensnaring stratagems ; 

 thouglihe will not fail to appear ignorant 

 of such designs as he may perceive to be 

 within the intention of his opponent, 

 when he knows that by an affected in- 

 attention, or blindness, to the device, he 

 can make a more immediate impression, 

 and render the whole speculation, not 

 only void, but the means of ruining its 

 projector. 



The game of chess has certainly some 

 affinity to the art of war ; but the analo- 

 gy is not so strict as players generally 

 suppose. We can, however, inform the 

 amateurs of this pleasing species of con- 

 test, that a work is now in the press which 

 cannot fail to afford a treat, as it opens a 

 new. field for the display of skill, and 

 teems with the most ample and interest- 

 ing varieties. 



CHEVRON, or CHEVERON, in heral- 

 dry, one of the honourable ordinaries of 

 a shield, representing two rafters of an 

 house, joined together as they ought to 

 stand; it was anciently the form of the 

 priestesses' head attire : some say it is a 

 symbol of protection ; others, of constan- 

 cy ; others, that it represents knights' 

 spears, &c. It contains the fifth part of 

 the field. 



A chevron is said to be abased, when 

 its point does not approach the head of 

 the chief, nor reach farther than the mid- 

 dle of the coat ; mutilated, when it does 

 not touch the extremes of the coat ; clo- 

 ven, when the upper pieces are taken off, 

 so that the pieces only touch at one of 

 the angles ; broken, when one branch is 



separated into two pieces; couched* 

 when the point is turned towards one 

 .side of the escutcheon ; divided, when 

 the branches are of several metals, or 

 when metal is opposed to colour ; invert- 

 ed, when the point is turned towards the 

 point of the coat, and its branches to- 

 wards the chief. 



CHIEF, in heraldry, is that which takes 

 up all the upper part of the escutcheon 

 from side to sideband represents the or- 

 naments used on a man's head. 



CHILIAD, denotes y a thousand of any 

 things, ranged in several divisions, each 

 of which contains that number. 



CHILIAGON, in geometry, a regular 

 plain figure of a thousand sides. 



CHIMJERA, in natural history, a genus 

 of fishes of the Linnsean order Chondrop- 

 terigius, and according to Shaw, of the 

 order Cartilagenei. Generic character : 

 head pointed on the upper part; month 

 placed beneath, with the upper lip five- 

 cleft ; cutting teeth two in front, both 

 above and below. There are two spe- 

 cies, viz. C. monstrosa or borealis, and C. 

 callorynchus or australis The former is 

 remarkable for the singularity of its ap- 

 pearance; it is a native of the northern 

 seas, where it inhabits the deepest re- 

 cesses, and preys on the smaller kind of 

 fishes, as well as on various sorts of the 

 mollusca and testacea tribes. It is about 

 three or four feet long. Notwithstand- 

 ing the Linnaean name of monstrosa, its 

 appearance is not at all formidable, and 

 its colours highly elegant. See Plate 

 II. Pisces, fig. 5. The C. australis is a 

 native of the southern seas, and its man- 

 ner of life similar to that of the noi-thern 

 ocean. 



CHIMARRHIS, in botany, a genus of 

 the Pentandria Monogynia class and or- 

 der. Essential character : corolla funnel- 

 form, with a very short tube ; capsule in- 

 ferior, obtuse, two-celled, two-valved, 

 the valves bifid at the tip ; seed one in 

 each cell. There is but one species, 

 viz. C. cymosa, a lofty tree, with a hand- 

 some head, the boughs spreading out 

 horizontally. Flowers numerous, small, 

 with white corollas, without scent; cap- 

 sule small. The wood is white, and 

 used for beams, rafters, &c. It is called 

 in Marti nico, where it is comman, bois de 

 reviere. 



CHIMES of a clock, a kind of periodical 

 music, produced at equal intervals of 

 time, by means of a particular apparatus 

 added to a clock. 



CHIMNEY is that part of a house 

 which serves, to conduct the smoke of the 



