CHO 



CHO 



Polygamia Monoecia class and order. 

 Hermaphrodite calyx, glume two-valved, 

 two-flowered; avvned, corolla none ; sta- 

 mina three ; styles two ; seeds one ; male 

 calyx, glume one valved ; female sessile ; 

 calyx, glume two-valved. There are five 

 species, natives of the West Indies. 



CHLOROSIS, in medicine, a disease 

 commonly called the green-sickness. See 

 MKDH-TXE. 



CHOCOLATE is made of roasted co- 

 coa, which being first coarsely pounded 

 in a stone mortar, is afterwards levigated 

 on a slab of the finest grained marble ; 

 to this a small quantity of vanilla is add- 

 ed. The mixture is heated, sometimes 

 with cream, and put into tin moulds of 

 the size in which the cakes appear. 

 Chocolate is nutritive, and not unwhole- 

 some, provided the stomach be active, 

 and that exercise be not neglected : it 

 would be less objectionable if the vanilla 

 were omitted, that being of a very heat- 

 ing quality, but on it the flavour chiefly 

 depends. Manufactured chocolate, and 

 cocoa-paste, are prohibited from impor- 

 tation under severe penalties. See THE- 



OBKOMA. 



CHOCOLATE BROOM. A plant, from 

 the seeds ofwhich a beverage resembling 

 chocolate is made in some parts of Penn- 

 sylvania. See HOLCUS BICOLOR. 



CHQIR, that part of the church or ca- 

 thedral where choristers sing divine ser- 

 vice : it is separated from the chancel, 

 where the communion is celebrated; and 

 also from the nave of the church, where 

 the people are placed ; the patron is said 

 to be obliged to repair the choir of the 

 church. 



CHOMELIA, in botany, a genus of 

 the Tetrandria Monogynia class and or- 

 der. Calyx four-parted ; corolla salver- 

 shaped, four-parted; drupe inferior, with 

 a two-celled nut ; stigmata two, thickish. 

 One species, found in America. 



CHONDRILLA, in botany, a genus of 

 Syngenesia Poly gamia^Equal is class and 

 order. Natural order of Composite Se- 

 miflosculossc. Cichoracex, Jussieu. Es- 

 sential character: calyx calycled;floscules 

 in many rows ; seeds muricated ; pappus 

 simple, stipitated. There are three spe- 

 cies. 



CHONDROPTERIGTOUS, a term ap- 

 plied by the Unnaean system to an order 

 of fishes with cartilaginous gills. Dr. 

 Shaw, and other naturalists, have united 

 the Branchiostegi and Chondropterygii 

 under the general title of Cartilaginei. 

 Linnaeus separated the cartilaginous from 

 tjie other fishes, and placed them in the 



class Amphibia, where they constituted 

 the order Nantes- This distribution was 

 made under the supposition of the carti- 

 laginous fishes being furnished both with 

 lungs and gills. The supposed lungs, 

 however, have been since ascertained by 

 naturalists to be only a modification of 

 the gills, and it, therefore, now appears 

 that this cartilaginous tribe are in reality 

 fishes, differing principally, if not en- 

 tirely, from other fishes, in having a car- 

 tilaginous skeleton. They differ from the 

 generality of other fishes, in having gills 

 destitute of bony rays, or in the gills 

 being cartilaginous, and they are defi- 

 cient for the most part at least of obvious 

 scales, those being either very deciduous, 

 minute, or so deeply iml.edded in the 

 skin, as to be scarcely visible. In many 

 of the cartilaginous fishes there is not 

 the slightest appearance of scales on the 

 surface of the skin. The Chondropterigii 

 genera are, 



Acipenser Chimsera Gastrobranchus 

 Petromyzor Pristis Raia 

 Squalus : which see. 



CHORD of an arch, is a right line join- 

 ing the extremes of that arch. 



CHORD of the complement of an arch, 

 the chord that subtends the rest of the 

 arch, or so much as makes up the arch a 

 semicircle. 



It is demonstrated in geometry, that 

 the radius bisecting the chord also bi- 

 sects the arch, and is perpendicular to 

 the chord. From hence may be deduced 

 these problems : 1. To make a circle 

 pass through any three given points, not 

 lying in a right line. 2. To find the cen- 

 tre of any circle. 3. To complete a cir- 

 cle from an arch given. 4. To describe 

 a circle about any triangle given. 



CHORDS, line of, one of the lines of the 

 sector and plane scale. See INSTRUMENTS, 

 mathematical. 



CHORDS, or CORDS, in music, are 

 strings,by the vibrations of which the sen- 

 sation of sound is excited, and by the di- 

 visions of which the several degrees of 

 tune are determined. 



The chords of musical instruments arc 

 ordinarily made of cat-gut ; though some 

 are made of brass or iron wire, as those 

 of harpsichords, spinnets, &c. Chords of 

 gold-wire in harpsichords would yield a 

 sound almost twice as strong as those of 

 brass ; and those of steel a feebler sound 

 than those of brass, as being both less 

 heavy and less ductile. 



The rules for dividing chord?, so as to 



