CHU 



CHU 



order. Natural order of Succulent*. Es- 

 sential character : calyx four or tive-cleit, 

 coloured ; corolla none ; capsule two- 

 beaked, one-celled, many-seeded. There 

 are two species ; viz. C. aiternifolium, al- 

 ternate leaved golden saxifrage : and C. 

 oppositifolium, opposite-leaved golden 

 saxifrage. These plants are found in 

 moist shady places, by the sides of rivu- 

 lets, in Lapland, Sweden, Denmark, Ger- 

 many, Switzerland, and with us, about 

 Norwich, and Worcestershire. The lat- 

 ter species is native in the United States. 



CHURCH, has different significations, 

 according to the different subjects to 

 which it is applied. 1. It is understood 

 of the collective body of Christians, or all 

 those over the face of the whole earth, 

 who profess to believe in Christ, and ac- 

 knowledge him to be the Saviour of man- 

 kind. This is what the ancient writers 

 call the catholic or universal church. 2. 

 Church is applied to any particular con- 

 gregations of Christians, who at one time, 

 and in one place, associate together, and 

 concur in the participation of all the in- 

 stitutions of Jesus Christ, with their pro- 

 per pastors and ministers. Thus we read 

 of the church of Antioch, the church of 

 Alexandria, the church of Thessalonica, 

 and the like. 3. Church denotes a par- 

 ticular sect of Christians, distinguished 

 by particular doctrines and ceremonies. 

 In this sense we speak of the Romish 

 church, the Greek church, the Reformed 

 church, the church of England, Sec. 



The Latin or Western church compre- 

 hends all the churches of Italy, France, 

 Spain, Africa, the North, and all other 

 countries whither the Romans carried 

 their language. Great Britain, part of 

 the Netherlands, of Germany, and of the 

 North, have been separated from hence 

 ever since the time of Henry VIII. and 

 constitute what we call the Reformed 

 church, and what the Romanists call the 

 Western Schism. The Greek or Eastern 

 church comprehends the churches of all 

 the countries anciently subject to the 

 Greek or Eastern empire, and through 

 which their language was carried ; that 

 is, all the space extended from Greece 

 to Mesopotamia, and Persia, and thence 

 into Egypt. 



CHUKCH, the place which Christians 

 consecrate to the worship of God. By 

 the common law and general custom of 

 the British realm, it was lawful for earls, 

 barons, and others of the laity, to build 

 churches; but they could not erect a 

 spiritual body politic, to continue in suc- 

 cession, and capable of endowment, with- 

 out the king's license ; and before the 



law shall take knowledge of them as 

 such, they nmsi ulso have the bishop's 

 leave and consent, to be consecrated or 

 dedicated by h;m. 



CHURCHWARDENS, the guardians 

 or keepers of the church, are persons 

 annually chosen in Easter week, by the 

 joint consent of the minister and parish- 

 ioners, or according to the custom of the 

 respective places, to look after the 

 church and church-yard, and things 

 thereunto belonging. They are en- 

 trusted with the care and management of 

 the goods and personal property of the 

 ch ii-ch, which they are to order for the 

 best advantage of the parishioners; but 

 they have no interest in, or power over, 

 the freehold of the church itself, or of 

 any land or other real property belonging 

 to it; these are the property of the par- 

 son or vicar, who alone is interested 

 in their loss or preservation. The 

 churchwardens therefore may purchase 

 goods and other articles for the use of 

 the parish ; they may likewise, witk the 

 assent of the parishoners, sell or other- 

 wise dispose of the goods of the church; 

 but without such consent they are not 

 authorised to alienate any of the proper- 

 ty under their care. 



All peers of the realm, clergymen, 

 counsellors, attorneys, clerks in court, 

 physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries, 

 are exempt from serving the office 

 of churchwarden, as is every licensed 

 dissenting teacher, pretending to holy 

 orders. 



CHURN, an implement for agitating 

 cream, or milk, so as to separate the 

 butyrous particles from the serous, and 

 to effect the production of butter. Some 

 churns are made upright, of a tapering 

 form, and are worked by means of a pole 

 and cross, the former passing through a 

 hole in the lid. These are pail or bell 

 churns. Many churns are in the form 

 of a barrel ; in some of these beaters, or 

 projecting battens, are affixed within four 

 or five of the staves, which strike the 

 cream as the barrel is moved round by 

 means of a winch : in others, the barrels 

 are at rest, while a cross fly, of four 

 or more leaves, is turned within it : 

 in either case the barrel is supported on 

 a frame. The Indian churn has an alter- 

 nate motion, being worked by a vertical 

 pole, which is turned much the same as 

 a hand-lathe ; having its lower part split, 

 the pole occasions great agitation in the 

 cream. A great variety of churns are in 

 use : but, in general, their formation 

 evinces more ingenuity than practical 

 knowledge. Those moved by pedals, 



