CNI 



COA 



gamia Monoecia class and order. Natu- 

 ral order of Guttiferx, Jussieu. Essen- 

 tial character : male, calyx four or six- 

 leaved ; leaflets opposite, imbricate ; co- 

 rolla four or six-petalled : stamina nume- 

 rous: female, calyx and corolla as in the 

 males ; nectary formed by the coalition 

 of the anthers, including the germ ; cap- 

 sule five-celled, five-valved, stuffed with 

 pulp. There are six species. These 

 are trees abounding in a tenacious, gluti- 

 nous juice. C. rosea, rose-coloured bal- 

 sam tree, is from twenty to thirty feet in 

 height, a native of the Bahama islands, 

 St. Domingo, and other American islands, 

 between the tropics, on rocks, and often 

 on the trunks and limbs of trees, occa- 

 sioned by birds scattering or voiding the 

 seeds, which, being glutinous like those 

 of misletoe, take root in the same man- 

 ner ; but the roots, not finding sufficient 

 nutriment, spread on the surface of the 

 tree till they find a decayed hole or other 

 lodgment, where there is some portion 

 of soil; the fertility of this being exhaust- 

 ed, a root is discharged from the hole 

 till it reaches the ground, though at forty 

 feet distance ; here again it fixes itself, 

 and becomes a larger tree. 



CLUYTIA, in botany, in memory of 

 Augerius Clutius, professor of botany at 

 Leyden, a genus of the Dioecia Gynan- 

 dria class and order. Natural order of 

 Tricoccze. Euphorbia, Jussieu. Essen- 

 tial character : calyx five-leaved ; corolla 

 five-petalled : female, styles three ; cap- 

 sule three-celled; seed one. There are 

 ten species, all natives of hot climates. 



CLYPEOLA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Tetradynaraia Siliculosa class and order. 

 Natural order of Siliquosae. Crucifene, 

 Jussieu. Essential character : silicic emar- 

 ginate, or biculate, compressed, flat, de- 

 ciduous. There are three species. These 

 are low plants, that have little beauty, 

 and are preserved chiefly in botanic gar- 

 dens. 



CLYSTER is a liquid remedy, to be in- 

 jected chiefly at the anus into the larger 

 intestines. 



CNEORUM, in botany, a genus of the 

 Triandria Monogynia class and order. Na- 

 tuarl order of Tricoccae. Terebintacex, 

 Jussieu. Essential character: calyx three- 

 toothed ; petals three, equal ; berry tri- 

 coccous. There is but one species ; viz. 

 C. tricoccum, willow-wail, or sponge 

 olive ; native of the south of France, Italy, 

 and Spain, in hot, dry, barren, and rocky 

 soils. . 



CNICUS, in botany, a genus of the Sy n- 

 jenesia Polygamia JEqualis class and or- 



der. Natural order of Composite Capita- 

 tae. Cinarocephalx, Jussieu. Essential 

 character : calyx ovate, imbricate with 

 branch-thorny scales, guarded with brac- 

 tes ; corollets equal. There are nine spe- 

 cies. 



CO ACH, aconvenient carriage suspend- 

 ed on four or more springs, and moving 

 on four wheels, originally intended for 

 the conveyance of persons in the upper 

 circles of society, but now become so 

 common as to stand in our streets plying 

 for fares. The first coach ever seen in 

 England was introduced by the Earl of 

 Arundel from the continent, in the year 

 1581 ; since that time their numbers have 

 been gradually increasing, insomuch that 

 every family of easy fortune keeps its 

 carriage ; while no less than 1100 hack- 

 ney coaches are registered within the 

 bills of mortality. See COACHES, hackney. 

 Such coaches as are the property of pri- 

 vate persons, or are kept for hire, pay a 

 high duty, and produce a total of several 

 hundreds of thousands to the Exchequer. 

 The fashions, with regard to form and or- 

 nament of coaches and other carriages 

 for pleasure, are perpetually changing, 

 and many varieties ai*e occasionally pre- 

 sented. The principal kinds now in use 

 are, the close coach ; the landau, which 

 can lower its roof and part of its sides, 

 like the head of a phaeton ; the barouche, 

 or open summer carriage, made on the 

 lightest construction ; the chariot, which 

 is intended only for two or three persons ; 

 the landaulet, or chariot whose head en- 

 folds back ; the phaeton and caravan, 

 which have only a head and no windows, 

 with a leather apron rising from the foot- 

 board to the waist : all of these run upon: 

 four wheels. Of the two-wheeled ve- 

 hicles, we have the curricle, drawn by 

 two horses, each bearing on a narrow 

 saddle the end of a sliding bar or yoke, 

 that upholds a central pole. These can- 

 not be considered as very safe machines, 

 but are admirably calculated for ease of 

 draught ; and their bodies being upon 

 four pliant springs, must generally have 

 a very easy motion. The gig, chaise, or 

 whiskey, has but one horse, which moves 

 between a pair of shafts, borne nearly ho- 

 rizontal by means of a leather sling pas- 

 sing over the saddle tree ; when another 

 horse precedes, so as to drive one be- 

 fore the other, the machine is called a 

 tandem ; a pun upon that word, which in 

 Latin signifies "at length." Those 

 chaises which do not go upon springs, 

 and are in other respects calculated for 

 the use of the poorer classes, pay less 



