COLOURS. 



materials in general use ; observing, that 

 there are an immense .number of com- 

 pound colours, sold under various names, 

 that may be made from the following list 

 of simples: 



REDS. 



Carmine, or the extract of cochineal. 

 Excellent. 



Florentine lake, made from refuse cochi- 

 neal., with a small addition of Brazil wood, 

 precipitated by adding a solution of tin. 

 Does not stand. 



Madder lake, the same as the foregoing, 

 but sometimes with the addition of extract 

 of madder. Stands. 



Rose lake, or rose pink, made of chalk 

 tinctured with extract of Brazil wood. 

 Does not stand. 



VermilUon is a bright scarlet, made from 

 levigated cinnabar. Very apt to turn 

 black. 



Red-lead, or minium, levigated, also 

 turns black. 



Indian red, an ochre brought from Asia, 

 forms a beautiful bright brick red. Works 

 freely and stands well. 



Venetian red is a coarser substance, usu- 

 ally employed with size or oil, to imitate 

 mahogany. 



Light red. This is yellow ochre heated 

 until it changes. Stands well, and is 

 much used. 



Red chalk is generally cut into slips, and 

 used as a crayon. It must be very well 

 ground, when it works and stands well, 

 either with oil or water. 



Burnt terra sienna, is raw sienna calcin- 

 ed till it becomes a fine mellow red. It is 

 in high estimation for its richness, smooth- 

 ness, and stability. 



Orange is usually a compound colour, 

 but may be made from red orpiment, and 

 from an infusion of turmeric in spirits of 

 wine, with a solution of tin. 



YELLOWS. 



Indian yellow, made from chalk impreg- 

 nated with urine, whereby it in process 

 of time acquires a very strong colour. 

 It is* offensive to the smell, and soon 

 fades. 



King's yellow is a strong poison; the 

 basis being yellow orpiment, ground very 

 fine. The colour is very rich, but does 

 not stand. 



Naples yellow comes from that country : 

 5s prepared from lead and antimony. It 

 turns black, especially if in contact with 



Yellow ochre, or Roman ochre, an earth 

 coloured by oxide of iron. It is dull, but 

 stands well. 



Massicot is oxide of lead very dull, 

 but stands. 



Dutch pink is chalk coloured with 

 French berries. The colour is beautiful, 

 but soon flies. 



Gamboge\s a gum very acid, but high- 

 ly useful. It stands well, mixes freely, 

 and gives a rich gloss; but it does not 

 answer with oil. 



Gall-stones are calculi, or stones taken 

 from the gall-bladders of animals. See 

 CALCULI. This colour may be obtained 

 from the gall itself. It is superb, but apt 

 to fly. 



Turmeric and Saffron yield a pleasing 

 colour, as does annatto, but very volatile. 



BROWNS. 



The finest we have is taken from a small 

 bag found in the entrails of the cock- 

 chaffer. 



liistreis the extract of soot from burnt 

 wood. It stands admirably, and is a very 

 useful as well as clear colour. It is much 

 used for sketches, to which it ives a 

 warm appearance. 



Cologne earth, a deep brown, very use- 

 ful, made from an ochre said to be from 

 Cologne, but often spurious. 



Raw timber, a light-brown ochre, that 

 stands well. 



Jiurnt umber, the former calcined, 

 thence acquiring, a much richer tint, that 

 stands admirably, and is much in use. 



Asphaltum is a bituminous substance, 

 which, being dissolved in turpentine.gives 

 a rich deep brown, not unlike that of tar : 

 it is used for finishing and for glazing pic- 

 tures. 



Brown pink is made of chalk, coloured 

 with fustic, and heightened by fixed alka- 

 line salts, which render it extremely vola- 

 tile. 



Tobacco juice makes a very rich colour, 

 which, mixed with alum, will stand well : 

 it is peculiarly warm and transparent. 



BLACKS. 



Indian ink is supposed to be made from 

 the gall of the cuttle-fish, but by many 

 is said to be nothing more than a pecu- 

 liar kind of charcoal, or the soot collected 

 from burning a species of the acacia. In 

 fact, we only know that it should be 

 black, smooth, and glossy, when broken ; 

 and that it makes remarkably fine black; 

 some, indeed, have a brownish tint. 



