COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, 



I. Himamim. Two handed. 

 Genus 1. Homo. 



II. Qiiadrumana, four handed animals ; 

 having a separate thumb, capable of being 

 opposed to the other fingers, both in their 

 upper and lower extremities. Teeth like 

 those of man, except that the cuspidati 

 are generally longer. 



1. Simiae, apes, monkeys, baboons. 



2. Lemur, macauco. 



III. Bradypoda, slow-moving animals. 



1. Brady pus, sloth. 



2. Myrmecophaga, ant-eater. 



3. Munis, scaly-lizard, or pangolin. 



4. Dasypus or Tatu, armadillo. 



This order forms two in the arrange- 

 ment of Cuvier. 1st. Tardigrada ; which 

 includes the sloths. There are no inci- 

 sores in either jaw ; there is a complicated 

 stomach, but no rumination. 2dly. Eden- 

 tata, toothless animals. Some of these 

 have no teeth ; others want the incisores 

 and cuspidati. The tongue is long, slen- 

 der, and projectile, for seizing the in- 

 sects on which the animals feed ; body 

 covered with hard substances. The ar- 

 madillo, munis, ant-eater, and ornithor- 

 hyncus, or duck-billed animal, belong to 

 this order. 



IV. Cheiroptera, having the fingers 

 elongated for the expansion of a mem- 

 brane which acts as a wing. 



Vespertilio, bat. 



V. Glires. Rodentia of Cuvier gnaw- 

 ing animals. Have two long and very 

 large incisor teeth in each jaw, by which 

 they cut and gnaw hard bodies, chiefly 

 vegetables ; there is a large interval be- 

 hind these teeth, unoccupied by cuspi- 

 dati ; long intestines, and generally a large 

 ccecum. The hind legs, being longer than 

 the front extremities, give to these ani- 

 mals a leaping mode of progression. The 

 disproportion is sometimes so great, that 

 the front legs are not used in walking. A 

 bone in the penis. 



1. Sciurus, squirrel. 



2. Glis, dormouse (Myoxus, Linn.) 



3. Mus, mouse and rat. 



4. Marmota, marmot. 



5. Cavia, guinea-pig. 



6. Lepus, hare and rabbit. 



7. Jaculus, jerboa. 



8. Castor, beaver. 



9. Hystrix, porcupine. 



VI. Ferae, predaceous and carnivorous 

 animals. Very strong and large pointed 

 canine teeth : molares forming pointed 

 prominences ; short and simple alimen- 

 tary canal, and consequently slender 

 belly. 



1. Erinaceus, hedge-hog. 



2. Sorex, shrew. 



3. Talpa, mole. 



4. Meles, badger. 



5. Ursus, bear. 



6. Didelphis, opossum, kanguroo. 



7. Viverra, weasels, ferret, polecat, 



civit. 



8. Mustela, skunk, stoat, &c. 



9. Canis, dog, wolf, jackal, fox, 



hyena. 



10. Felis, cat, lion, tiger, leopard, 



lynx, panther, &c. 



11. Lutra, otter. 



12- Phoca, seal or sea-calf. 



The five first genera of this order form 

 the plantigrada of Cuvier ; animals which 

 rest the whole of the foot on the ground. 

 They are less carnivorous than the others ; 

 have a longer intestinal canal, and no 

 caecum. 



The sixth genus forms the Pedimana 

 of the same zoologist; as they possess a 

 separate thumb on the hind extremities 

 only. They have a pouch in the abdo- 

 men, containing the mammae, and holding 

 the young in their early state. One spe- 

 cies, the kanguroo, (didelphis gigantea) 

 must however be excepted. That is 

 placed among the rodentia, and does not 

 possess the separate thumb. 



The order carnivora of Cuvier will in- 

 clude from the seventh to the eleventh 

 genus, both inclusive. These have a bone 

 in the penis. The seal belongs to this 

 amphibia. 



In the three following orders the toes 

 are so incased in horny coverings, that 

 they can only serve to support the body 

 in standing or progression. As these ani- 

 mals all feed on vegetables, the intestines 

 are very long, and the belly consequently 

 large. 



VII. Solidungula (solipeda, Cuvier,) a 

 single toe on each foot, with an undivid- 

 ed hoof; a small and simple stomach, but 

 large intestines, and particularly an enor- 

 mous caecum; incisores in both jaws; mam- 

 mae in the groin, as in the pecora. 



