COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. 



Ions, a membranous stomach, and short 

 caeca. 



1. Vultur, vultures. 



2. Falco, falcon, eagle, hawk, kite. 



3. Strix, owl. 



4. Lanius, shrike, or butcher bird. 



II. Levirostres, light-billed birds, hav- 

 ing a large hollow bill. 



1. Psittacus, parrot kind. 



2. Ilamphastos, toucan. 



3. Buceros, rhinoceros bird. 



1IT. Pica, this and the two following or- 

 ders are not clearly characterised. 



1, Picus, woodpecker. 



2. Jynx, wryneck. 

 3 Sitta, nuthatch. 



4. Alcedo, king's-fisher. 



5. Trochilus, humming 'bird, &c. &c. 



IV. Cor aces. 



1. Corvus, crow, raven, jackdaw, 



magpie, jay, &c. 



2. Coracias, roller. 



3. Paradisea, birds of paradise. 



4. Cuculus, cuckoo, &c. &c. 



V. Passeres, small singing-birds. 



1. Alauda, lark. 



2. Sturnus, starling. 



3. Turdus, thrush, black-bird. 



4. Emberiza, bunting. 



5. Fringilla, finches, canary-bird, lin- 



net, sparrow. 



6. Motacilla, nightingale, redbreast, 



wren. 



7. Hirundo, swallows, martins, &c. 



8. Caprimulgus, goatsucker, &c. 



VI Gallinoe, gallinaceous birds, mostly 

 domesticated. They possess a large crop, 

 strong muscular gizzards, short legs. 



1. Columba, pigeons. 



2 Tetrao, grous, quail, partridge. 



3. Numida, guinea-fowl. 



4. Meleagris, tuikey. 



5. Pavo, peacock. 



6. Otis, bustard. 



VII. Slruthiones, struthinous birds. The 

 largest of the class : possess extremely 

 small wings, and are therefore incapable 

 of flight ; but run very swiftly. 



1. Struthio, ostrich. 



2. Casuarius, cassowary or emu. 



(fl) AQ.UATIC BIRDS. 



Order 1. Grattx, waders frequenting 

 marshes and streams ; long' naked legs ; 

 long neck ; cylindrical bill, of different 

 lengths. 



1. Ardea, crane, stork, heron, bit- 



tern. 



2. Scolopax, woodcock, snipe, cur- 



lew. 



3. Tringa, lapwing, huffs, and reeves. 



4. Charadrivis, plover. 



5. Fulica, coot. 



6. Rallus, rail. 



7. Phoenicopterus, flamingo. 



8. Tantalus, ibis, &c. 



II. Jlnscrcs, swimming birds ; web- 

 footed ; bill broad and Hat, covered by a 

 somewhat soft substance, on which large 

 nerves are distributed. 



1. Colymbus, diver. 

 2 Larus, gull. 



3. Procellaria, petrel. 



4. Diomedea, albatros. 



5. Pelecamis, pelican, cormorant. 



6. Anas, swan, duck, goose. 



7. Mergus, goosander. 



8. Alca, auk, puffin. 



9. Aptenodytes, penguin. 



The two classes of cold-blooded ver- 

 tebral animals are, the Amphibia, and 

 Fishes. 



The former, differing considerably 

 from each other, have very few common 

 characters ; for in different instances they 

 walk, fly, swim, and cruwl. There is no 

 ' external ear, nor cochlea ; the brain is 

 always very small ; the lungs are in the 

 same cavity with the other viscera, and 

 have very large air-cells ; no- epiglottis, 

 omentum, nor mesenteric glands; two ova- 

 ries and oviducts ; cloaca, through which 

 the faeces and urine are expelled, and in 

 which the organs of generation terminate; 

 neither hair, feathers, nor mammae ; skin 

 either naked, or covered with scales ; both 

 jaws are moveable ; there is an urinary 

 bladder. 



Order I. lieptilia, having four 

 (quadrupeda ovipara.') 



feet, 



\. Testudo, tortoise, turtle. 



2. Rana, frog, toad. 



3. Lacerta, -lizards, crocodile, cha- 



