CON 



CON 



CONCLAVE, the place in which the 

 cardinals of the Romish church meet, 

 and are shut up, in order to the elec- 

 tion of a pope. The conclave is a range 

 of small cells, ten feet square, made of 

 wainscot ; these are numbered, and drawn 

 for by lot. They stand in a line along 

 the galleries and hall of the Vatican, with 

 a small place between each. Every cell 

 has the arms of the cardinal over it. 

 The conclave is not fixed to any one de- 

 terminate place, for the constitutions of 

 the church allow the cardinals to make 

 choice of such a place for the conclave as 

 they think most convenient ; yet it is ge- 

 nerally held in the Vatican. The con- 

 clave is very strictly guarded by troops : 

 neither the cardinals, nor any person 

 shut up in the conclave, are spoke to 

 but at the hours allowed of, and then 

 in Italian or Latin ; even the provisions 

 for the conclave are examined, that no 

 letters be conveyed by that means from 

 the ministers of foreign powers, or other 

 persons, who may have an interest in the 

 election of the pontiff. 



CONCLUSION, in logic, the conse- 

 quence or judgment drawn from what 

 was asserted in the premises ; or the pre- 

 vious judgments in reasoning, gained 

 from combining the extreme ideas be- 

 tween themselves. 



CONCORD, in grammar, that part of 

 construction, or syntax, in which the 

 words of a sentence agree ; that is, in 

 which nouns are put in the same gender, 

 number, and case ; and verbs in the 

 same number and person with nouns and 

 pronouns. 



CONCORD, in music, the relation of two 

 sounds that are always agreeable to the 

 ear, whether applied in succession or 

 consonance. See Music. 



CONCORDANCE, a sort of dictionary 

 of the Bible, explaining the words there- 

 of in alphabetical order, with the several 

 books, chapters, and verses, quoted, in 

 which they are contained. 



CONCORDAT, a covenant or agree- 

 ment with the Pope concerning the ac- 

 quisition, permutation, and resignation of 

 ecclesiastical benefices. In France, the 

 term concordat denoted formerly an 

 agreement concluded at Bologna, in 1516, 

 between Pope Leo X. and Francis I. of 

 France, for regulating the manner of no- 

 minating to benefices ; but at present it 

 applies exclusively to a convention ex- 

 changed between Pope Pius VII. and the 

 French government on the 10th of Sep- 

 tember, 1801. in. which the Roman Catho- 

 lic religion is acknowledged to be that of 

 the majority of the French people, and 



the free exercise of their religion is 

 conceded to Calvinists and Lutherans, 

 under the superintendance of govern- 

 ment. 



CONCRETE, in logic, is used in contra- 

 distinction to abstract ; for example, when 

 we consider any quality, as whiteness, 

 inhering in any subject, as suppose in 

 snow : if we may say the snow is white, 

 then we speak of whiteness in the con- 

 crete ; but if we consider whiteness by 

 itself, as a quality that may be in pa- 

 per, in ivory, and in other things, as well 

 as in snow, we are then said to consider 

 or to take it in the abstract. 



CONCRETIONS, morbid, in animal 

 economy, hard substances that occasional- 

 ly make their appearance in different parts 

 of the body, as well in the solids as in 

 those cavities destined to contain fluids : 

 in the first place they are denominated 

 concretions, or ossifications : in the other, 

 calculi. The concretions that make their 

 appearance in the solids of the animal 

 body are denominated pineal concretions, 

 from their being found in that part of the 

 brain called the pineal gland ; or salivary 

 concretions, asbeing discovered occasion- 

 ally in the salivary glands ; or pancreatic 

 concretions, which are hard substances 

 found in the pancreas ; or pulmonary con- 

 cretions, which have been sometimes 

 coughed up by consumptive persons ; or 

 hepatic concretions, of which the liver is 

 sometimes full : concretions have also 

 been found in the prostate ; these have all 

 been examined by chemists, and found to 

 consist of phosphate of lime and other 

 substances. Concretions have been dis- 

 covered in the intestines and stomach of 

 the human body, but more frequently iu 

 those of animals : those found in the intes- 

 tines of ahorse were examined byFour- 

 croy, and found to consist of magnesia, 

 phosphoric acid, ammonia, water, and ani- 

 mal matter. See CALCULI &, CHALK STOJTES. 



CONDENSER, a pneumatic engine or 

 syringe, whereby an uncommon quantity 

 of air may he crowded into a given space: 

 so that sometimes ten atmospheres, or 

 ten times as much air as there is at the 

 same time in the same space, without 

 the engine, may be thrown in by means of 

 it, and its egress prevented by valves 

 properly disposed. See PXEUMATICS. 



CONDIMENTS. Although these are 

 not properly alimentary matters, or such 

 as become ingredients in the composition 

 of the animal fluid, yet Dr. Cullen says 

 they are taken with advantage along with 

 the proper aliments, the digestion and 

 assimilation of which they in some degree 

 modify. They are of two kinds, saline 



