BES 



DET 



cheon, with only d small separation from 

 their natural places. 



DESIDERATUM, is used to signify 

 the desirable perfections in any art or 

 science ; thus, it is a desideratum with 

 the blacksmith, to render iron fusible by 

 a gentle heat, and yet preserve it hard 

 enough for ordinary uses. 



DESIGN, in a general sense, the plan, 

 order, representation, or construction, of 

 a building, book, painting, &c. 



DESIGN, in the manufactories, express- 

 sesthe figures with which the workman 

 enriches his stuff, or silk, and which he 

 copies after some painter, or eminent 

 draughtsman, as in diaper, damask, and 

 other flowered silk and tapestry, and the 

 like. 



In undertaking of such kinds of figur- 

 ed stuffs, it is necessary, before the .first' 

 stroke of the shuttle, that the whole de- 

 sign be represented on the threads of the 

 warp : we do not mean in colours, but 

 with an infinite number of little pack- 

 threads, which being disposed so as to 

 raise the threads of the warp, let the 

 workman see, from time to time, what 

 kind of silk is to be put in the eye of the 

 shuttle, for woof. This method of pre- 

 paring the work is called readingthe de- 

 sign, and reading the figure, which is 

 performed in the following manner : a 

 paper is provided considerably broader 

 than the stuff, and of a length propor- 

 tionate to what is intended to be repre- 

 sented thereon. This they divide 

 lengthwise, by as many black lines as 

 there are intended threads in the warp ; 

 and cross these lines by others drawn 

 breadthwise, which, with the former, 

 make little equal squares : on the paper 

 thus squared, the draughtsman designs 

 his figures, and heightens them with co- 

 lours, as he sees fit. When the design is 

 finished, a workman reads it, while ano- 

 ther lays it on the simblot. 



To read the design, is to tell the per- 

 son who manages the loom the number 

 of squares or threads comprised in the 

 space he is reading, intimating, at the 

 same time, whether it is ground or figure. 

 To put what is read on the simblot, is to 

 fasten little strings to the several pack- 

 threads, which are to raise the threads 

 named; and thus they continue to do 

 till the whole design is read. 



Every piece being composed of several 

 repetitions of the same design, when the 

 whole design is drawn, the drawer, to re- 

 begin the design afresh, has nothing to 

 do but to raise the little strings, ; with slip- 

 knots, to the top of the simblot, which 

 he had let down to the bottom : this he 



is to repeat as often as is necessary, till 

 the whole be manufactured. 



The ribbon weavers have likewise a 

 design, but far more simple than that 

 now described. It*is drawn on paper 

 with lines and squares, representing the 

 threads of the warp and woof. But in- 

 stead of lines, whereof the figures of the 

 former consist, these are constituted of 

 points only, or dots, placed in certain of 

 the little squares formed by the intersec- 

 tion of the lines. These points mark 

 the threads of the warp that are to be 

 raised, and the spaces left blank denote 

 the threads that are to keep their si- 

 tuation : the rest is managed as in the 

 former. 



DESIGN is also used in painting, for the 

 first idea of a large work, drawn roughly, 

 and in little, with an intention to be exe- 

 cuted and finished in large. See PAINT- 

 ING. 



DESIGNING, the art of delineating or 

 drawingthe appearance of natural ob- 

 jects by lines on a plane. .. 



DESPOUILLE, in heraldry, the whole 

 case, skin, or slough of a beast, with the 

 head, feet, tail, and all appurtenances, so 

 that being filled and stuffed it looks like 

 the entire creature. 



DETACHMENT, in military affairs, a 

 certain number of soldiers drawn out 

 from several regiments or companies 

 equally, to be employed as the general 

 thinks proper, whether on an attack, 

 at a siege, or in parties to scour the 

 country. 



A detachment of two or three thousand 

 men is a command for a brigadier; eight 

 hundred for a colonel ; four or five hun- 

 dred for a lieutenant-colonel. A cap- 

 tain never marches on a detachment with 

 less than fifty men, a lieutenant, an en- 

 sign, andtwo Serjeants. A lieutenant is 

 allowed thirty and a serjeant ; and a ser- 

 jeant ten or twelve men. Detachments 

 are sometimes made of entire squadrons 

 and battalions. 



DETACHMENT, in naval affairs, is a cer- 

 tain number of ships of a fleet or squa- 

 dron, chosen by an admiral or commo- 

 dore from the others, to execute some 

 particular service. 



DETENTS, in clock-work, are those 

 stops, which, by being lifted up or let 

 down, lock or unlock the clock in strik- 

 ing. See HOROLOGT, 



DETENT -wheel, or HOOP wheel, in a 

 clock, that wheel which has a hoop al- 

 most round it, wherein there is a vacancy 

 at which the clock locks. 



DETERGENT. See PHARMACY. 



DETERMINATE problem, in geome- 



