ELE 



ELE 



Every freeholder, before he shall be ad- 

 mitted to poll for a knight of the shire, 

 shall, if required by a candidate or any 

 elector, make oath of his qualification to 

 vote ; in which case the sheriff and clerks 

 shall enter the place of his freehold, and 

 the place of his abode, as he shall disclose 

 the same at the time of giving his vote ; 

 and shall enter jurat against the name of 

 every such voter who shall have taken 

 the oath, 10 Anne, c. 23. s. 5. After the 

 election, the names of the persons chosen 

 shall be written in an indenture, under 

 the seals of the electors, and tacked to 

 the writ. 



The election being closed, the return- 

 ing officer in boroughs returns his pre- 

 cept to the sheriff, with the persons 

 elected by the majority. And the sheriff 

 returns the whole, together with the writ 

 for the county, and the names of the 

 knights elected thereupon, to the clerk 

 of the crown in Chancery, before the 

 day of meeting, if it be a new parlia- 

 ment ; or within fourteen days after 

 the election, if it be an occasional va- 

 cancy ; and this under the penalty of 

 SOOl. If the sheriff do not return such 

 knights only as are duly elected, he for- 

 feits, by stat. Henry ;VI. 1001. and the 

 returning officer of a borough for a like 

 false return 40 and by the late statutes 



they are liable to an action at the suit of 

 the party duly elected, and to pay double 

 damages, and the like remedy shall be 

 against an officer making a double return. 

 If two or more sets of electors make each 

 a return of a different member (which is 

 called a double election) that return only, 

 which is signed and sealed by the return- 

 ing officer to whom the sheriff's precept 

 was directed, is good ; and the members 

 by him returned shall sit, until displaced 

 on petition. On petition to the House of 

 Commons, complaining of an undue elec- 

 tion, forty -nine members shall be chosen 

 by ballot, out of whom each party shall 

 alternately strike out one, till they are 

 reduced to thirteen, who, together with 

 two more, of whom each party shall no- 

 minate one, and who are called the nomi- 

 nees, shall be a select committee for de- 

 termining such controverted election, 10 

 and 11 Geo. III. c. 16 and 42. See PAR- 

 LIAMENT. 



ELECTION, is a term frequently used 

 in mathematics, to signify the several dif- 

 ferent ways of taking any number of 

 things proposed, either separately, or as 

 combined in pairs, in threes, in fours, &c,; 

 not as to the order, but only as to the 

 number and variety of them. Thus, of 

 the things a, b, c, d, &c. the elections of 



One thing 

 Two things 

 Three things 



are 



(a, 6, ab) 3=2' 1 



c, ab, ac, be, abcj 7=2? 1 



And generally of any number n, all the 

 elections are 2n 1 ; that is, one less than 

 the power of 2, whose exponent is n ; the 

 number of single things to be chosen, 

 either separately, or in combinations, 

 thus, when w=12, the answer is 2 1 * 1 

 =40961=4095. 



ELECTIVE attraction. The attractions 

 which take place in the chemical opera- 

 tions of art and nature are, for the most 

 part, effected under circumstances of 

 such complexity, that it is extremely dif- 

 ficult to deduce the general laws by which 

 they are governed, or even the particular 

 habitudes of the bodies so acted upon. 

 In general it appears to us, from the 

 facts, that some among the bodies upon 

 which we make our experiments are 

 attracted by each other, and enter into 

 combination, while others seem to have 

 no disposition to form this union, (See 

 CHEMISTRY) and from this principal ob- 

 servation the attractions of chemistry 

 have been called elective attractions, or 

 elective affinities. See ATTRACTION. 



The phenomena of attraction, as dis- 

 tinguished under the heads of simple 

 elective attraction, and double or more 

 complex elective attraction, have been 

 sketched under our article CHEMISTRY. 

 It is clear, that no results of this nature 

 can be foretold, or indicated, unless the 

 order and energy of the powers of bodies 

 upon each other be first known. Geoffrey, 

 in his table of simple elective attractions, 

 first led the way in this research ; and he 

 was followed by Bergman, who greatly 

 improved both the tables and the method 

 of philosophizing, in his treatise on the 

 elective attractions ; and, lastly, that 

 most perspicuous chemist, Berthollet, has 

 pursued the subject to a much greater 

 extent, in his " Statique Chimique," of 

 which we have an indifferent translation 

 by Lambert. 



We have, at the article last quoted, 

 made mention of the variations in results 

 of combination arising from the propor- 

 tion of the principles, the influence of 

 solvents, of cohesion, of elasticity, of ef- 



