ENF 



ENG 



prominence on the outside, which is to 

 stand for that part of the figure. 



Thus the workman proceeds to chase 

 and finish all the parts, by successive ap- 

 plication of the block and hammer to the 

 several parts of the design. And it is 

 wonderful to consider with what beauty 

 and justness, by this simple piece of me- 

 chanism, the artist in this kind will re- 

 present foliages, grotesques, animals, his- 

 tories, &c. 



ENCHELIS, in natural history, a ge- 

 nus of the Vermes Infusoria. Worm in- 

 visible to the naked eye, very simple, cy- 

 lindrical. There are fifteen species. An 

 account of these may be found in Adams 

 " On the Microscope." , 



ENCROACHMENT, in law, an unlaw- 

 ful gaining upon the rights or possessions 

 of another. It is generally applied to the 

 unlawful occupation of wastes and com- 

 mons. 



ENDEAVOUR, where one endeavours 

 actually to commit felony, &c. he is pun- 

 ishable as for a misdemeanour ; and an 

 assault, with intent to rob, is punished by 

 transportation. Statute 7 Geo. II. c. 21,. 



EN DEC AGON, a plane geometrical fi- 

 gure of eleven sides and eleven angles, if 

 each side of this figure be 1, its area will 

 be 9.3656399=i 4 iofthe tangents of /3_7 r 

 degrees to the radius one. 



ENDEMIC, or ENDKMICAL diseases, 

 those to which the inhabitants of pariicu- 

 lar countries are subject more than others, 

 on account of the air, water, situation, 

 and manner of living. 



ENDIVE, in botany, &c. broad-leaved 

 succory. SeeCicHomuM. 



ENDOWMENT, in law, is the widow's 

 portion ; being a third part of all the free- 

 hold lands and tenements, of which her 

 husband was seized at any time during 

 the coverture. Of lands, not freehold, her 

 portion varies, according to the custom in 

 different places. 



ENEMY, in law, an alien, or foreigner, 

 who in a public capacity invades any 

 country, and who cannot be punished 

 as a traitor, but must be subjected to 

 martial law. An alien residing in Eng- 

 land, under the protection of the king's 

 peace, may be dealt with as a traitor, be- 

 cause he owes a qualified allegiance. 



ENFRANCHISEMENT, in law, the in- 

 corporating a person into any society or 

 body politic; such as the enfranchisement 

 of one made a citizen of London or other 

 city, or burgess of any town corporate, 

 because he is made partaker of its liber- 

 ties or franchises. 



ENGINE, in mechanics, is a compound 

 machine made of one or more mechani- 

 cal powers, as levers, pullies, screws, &c. 

 in order to raise, cast, or sustain any 

 weight, or produce any effect, which 

 could not be easily effected otherwise. 



Engines are extremely numerous ; some 

 used in war, as the battering ram, balista, 

 waggons, chariots, &c. others in trade and 

 manufactures, as cranes, mills, presses, 

 &c. ; others to measure time, as clocks, 

 watches, &c. ; and others for the illustra- 

 tion of some branch of science, as the or- 

 rery, cometarium, and the like. 



In general, we may observe, concerning 1 

 engines, that they consist of one, two, or 

 more of the simple powers variously com- 

 bined together ; that in most of them the 

 axis in peritrochio, the lever, and the 

 screw, are the constituent parts ; that in 

 all a certain power is applied to produce 

 an effect of much greater moment ; and 

 that the greatest effect or perfection is 

 when it is set to work with four-ninths of 

 that charge which is equivalent to the 

 power, or will but just keep the machine 

 inequilibrio 



In all machines the power will just sus 

 tain the weight, when they are in the in- 

 verse ratio of their distances from the 

 centre of motion. 



ESGJNE, jire, by Rowntree. We have 

 selected an engine by this maker to give 

 a drawing and description, as it is greatly 

 superior to the common engine with two 

 force pumps. As that kind of engine has 

 so often been described by various au- 

 thors, and its principles so essily compre- 

 hended from the description of a force- 

 pump, we judge it unnecessary to give 

 any drawing of it. 



The fire engine by Rowntree is a dou- 

 ble force-pump, of a peculiar construc- 

 tion, similar in its action to the beer en- 

 gine, (described under that article,) but 

 as it is on a much larger scale, its con- 

 structions, are of course varied. Plate 

 Rowntree's engine, fig. 1 and 2, are two 

 elevations at right angles to each other, 

 of the external part of the engine mount- 

 ed on four wheels. Fig. 3 and 4, are two 

 sections, perpendicular to each other, of 

 the body of the engine or pump: fig. 5 

 and 6, are parts of the engine. The same 

 letters are used as far as they apply in all 

 the figures, A, A, A, A ; fig. 3 and 4, is a 

 cast-iron cylinder truly bored ; it is ten 

 inches diameter and fifteen long, it has a 

 flanch at each end, whereon to screw two 

 covers, with stuffing boxes, a, a, in their 

 centres, through which the spindle, B, 13, 

 of the engine passes, ancl being 



