ESC 



ESC 





a little convex in the middle ; the flowers 

 appear in Hy ; the seeds ripen in July. 



ERYNGltJM, in botany, English eryn- 

 go, a genus of the Pentandria Digynia 

 class and order. Natural order of Urn- 

 bellatae. Essential character: flowers in 

 a head ; receptacle chaffy. There are 

 eleven species ; these bear some resem- 

 blance to the thistles ; the leaves are fre- 

 quently spinous, as are also the involu- 

 cres; the umbellets in some are inclosed 

 in an involucre, which is often irregular 

 and branched ; in others they are dis- 

 persed. 



ERYSIMUM, in botany, hedge-mustard, 

 a genus of the Tetradynamia Siliquosa 

 class and order. Natural order of Sili- 

 quosx. Cruciferx, Jussieu. Essential 

 character: silique columnar, with four 

 equal sides; calyx closed. There are 

 eight species. 



ERYSIPELAS. See MEDICIWE. 



ERYTHRINA, in botany, a genus of 

 the Diadelphia Decandria class and order. 

 Natural order of Papilionaceae or Legu- 

 minosae. Essential character : calyx two- 

 lobed ; corolla standard very long, lan- 

 ceolate. There are seven species ; these 

 are small, prickly trees, or shrubs; 

 leaves as indolichos, ternate, stipulace- 

 ous; the petiolules jointed and awned, or 

 glandular, seldom simple; flowers in fas- 

 cicles from the axils, or in spikes at the 

 ends of the stem and branches, generally 

 scarlet. 



ERYTHRONIUM, in botany, dog-tooth 

 violet, a genus of the Hexandria Mono- 

 gyn a class and order. Natural order of 

 Sarmentace<e. Lilia, Jussieu. Essential 

 charater: corolla six-petalled, bell-shaped; 

 nectary tubercles two, fastened to the 

 base of the alternate petals. There is 

 but one species, with several varieties, 

 viz. E. dens canis, dog-tooth-violet ; the 

 roots of this plant are white, oblong and 

 flesh}, shaped like a tooth, whence its 

 name. 



ERYTHROXYLON, in botany, a ge- 

 nus of the Decandria Trigynia class and 

 order. Natural order of Malpighise, Jus- 

 sieu. Essential character : calyx turbi- 

 nate ; corolla having a small emar- 

 ginate nectareous scale at the base of 

 the petals ; stamina connected at the 

 base ; drupe one-celled. There are five 

 species. 



ESCALLONIA, in botany, so named in 

 honour of M. Escallon, a genus of the 

 Pentandria Monogynia class and orde/. 

 Natural order of Calycanthemae. Ona- 

 grae, Jussieu. Essential character: calyx 

 surrounding the fruit; stigma capitate; 

 VOL. V. 



berry two-celled, containing many seeds. 

 There are two species, viz. E. myrtyl- 

 loides, and E serrata. 



ESCAPE, in law, is where one who is 

 arrested gains his liberty before he is de- 

 livered by course of law. Escapes are 

 either in civil or criminal cases; and in 

 both respects may be distinguished into 

 voluntary and negligent; voluntary, 

 where it is with the consent of the keep- 

 er ; negligent, where it is for want of 

 due cure in him. In civil cases, after the 

 prisoner has been suffered voluntarily to 

 escape, the sheriff' can never retake him, 

 but must answer for the debt ; but the 

 plaintiff* may retake him at any time. In 

 the case of a negligent escape, the she- 

 riff', upon fresh pursuit, may retake the 

 prisoner ; and the sheriff sha'l be ex- 

 cused, if he has. him again before any ac- 

 tion brought against himself for the 

 escape. When a defendant is once in 

 custody in execution, upon a capias ad sa- 

 tisfaciendum, he is to be kept in close and 

 sate custody ; and if he be afterwards 

 seen at large, it is an escape, and the 

 plaintiff may have an action for his whole 

 debt against the sheriff; for, though up- 

 on arrests, and what is called mesne pro- 

 cess, being such as intervenes between 

 the commencement and end of a suit, the 

 sheriff', till the statute 8 and 9 Will. c. 27. 

 might have indulged the defendant as he 

 pleased, so as he produced him in court 

 to answer the plaintiff' at the return of the 

 writ ; yet, upon a taking in execution, 

 he could never give any rndulgence ; for 

 in that case confinement is the whole of 

 the debtor's punishment, and of the satis- 

 faction made to the creditor. A rescue 

 of a prisoner in execution, either in go- 

 ing to gaol, or in gaol, or a breach of pri- 

 son, will not excuse the sherifffrom being 

 guilty of, and answering for, the escape ; 

 for he ought to have sufficient force to 

 keep him, seeing he may command the 

 power of the county. In criminal cases, 

 an escape of a person arrested, by elud- 

 ing the vigilance of his keeper before he 

 is put in hold, is an offence against pub- 

 lic justice, and the party himself is pun- 

 ishable by fine and imprisonment ; but 

 voluntary escapes amount to the same 

 kind of offence, and are punishable in the 

 same degree as the offence of which the 

 prisoner is guilty, and for which he is in 

 custody, whether treason, felony, or tres- 

 pass, and this whether he was actually 

 committed to gaol, or only under a bare 

 arrest; but the officer cannot be thus 

 punished, till the original delinquent is 

 actually found guilty, or convicted by ver- 



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