EST 



ETH 



fore if it escape from the lord before, to 

 another manor, he cannot reclaim it. If 

 proclamation is neglected, the owner may 

 claim it without pay ing the expenses, and 

 may do so at all times within the yearand 

 day, upon paying them ; but afterwards 

 it is vested in the lord absolutely. The 

 owner may seize it without telling the 

 marks, or proving the property, till the 

 trial ; the lord should demand a sum for 

 the keeping it, and the owner may then 

 tender any reasonable sum; the propriety 

 of which, if it is not received, may be as- 

 certained by the jury upon the trial. A- 

 mends may be tendered generally, with- 

 out a particular sum, before the lord fixes 

 the amount. An estray must not be used, 

 but a cow may be milked of necessity. 

 The King's cattle cannot be estray s. 

 The year and day runs from the first pro- 

 clamation, not the seizure. 



Waifs, are goods which are stolen, and 

 waved, or left by the felon on his being 

 pursued, for fear of being apprehended ; 

 and forfeited to the King or lord of the 

 manor: and though waifs are generally 

 spoken of things stolen, yet if a man be 

 pursued with hue and cry as a felon, and 

 he flies and leaves his own goods, these 

 will be forfeited as goods stolen; but 

 they are properly the fugitive's goods, 

 and not forfeited till it be found before 

 the coroner, or otherwise of record, that 

 he fled for the felony. 



ESTREAT, in law, extractum, a true 

 copy, or note, of some original writing or 

 record, and especially of fines and a- 

 mercements, and imposed in the rolls of 

 a court, and extracted or drawn out from 

 thence, and certified into the court of 

 Exchequer, from whence process is a- 

 warded to the sheriff" to levy them : in 

 order, therefore, to be relieved from any 

 fine or estreat, application is made to that 

 court upon motion. 



ESTREPEMENT, in law, estrepamen- 

 inm, from estropier mutilare, or extirpare, 

 the spoil made by a tenant for life upon 

 any lands or woods, to the prejudice of 

 the reversioner : also a writ in two cases ; 

 the one, when the person having an ac- 

 tion depending (as a formedon, writ of 

 right, &c.) for the recovery of the pos- 

 session of land without damages, sues to 

 prohibit the tenant from making waste 

 during the suit ; the other lies after pos- 

 session is adjudged, but not delivered, 

 and to prevent like waste which is ex, 

 pected. The court of chancery now 

 grants an injunction, on filing a bill and 



before answer, to prevent waste, and 

 these writs are disused. 



ETHER. The action of the more pow- 

 erful acids on alcohol gives rise to an or- 

 der of compounds, of some importance 

 from their peculiar properties. These, 

 as produced by the different acids, vary 

 somewhat in their qualities : they aiso a- 

 gree, however, in the possession of cer- 

 tain general properties; they are highly 

 volatile, odorous, pungent, and inflam- 

 mable, miscible with water, and capable 

 of combining with alcohol, in every pro- 

 portion. These compounds are named 

 ethers; the specific name of each being 

 derived from the acid, from the action of 

 which on alcohol it has originated, as 

 the sulphuric, nitric, muriatic, or acetic 

 ether. 



Sulphuric e.ther\\&$ been longest known. 

 The following is the process by which it is 

 prepared 



Upon a quantity of alcohol in a retort, 

 (selected thin at the bottom so as to be 

 capable of bearing- a sudden heat,) is 

 poured an equal weight of sulphuric acid, 

 then mixed with the alcohol above by 

 frequent and moderate agitation. From 

 this mixture the alcohol acquires a 

 brownish colour ; vapours having a fra- 

 grant odour are disengaged ; and the 

 temperature rises to about 180 of Fahren- 

 heit. When the mixture of the acid and 

 alcohol is complete, the retort is to be 

 immediately placed in a sand bath, and 

 connected with two large rec ivers, 

 which are kept cool, by water or ice. 

 Heat is to be immediately applied to the 

 retort. The liquor boils when the tem- 

 perature is raised to -208, the ether be- 

 ing formed at that temperature and dis- 

 tilling over: the condensation of it is to 

 be promoted, by keeping the receivers 

 cool with water, and the distillation is to 

 be continued till about half the quantity 

 of alcohol employed has distilled over, or 

 until the neck of the retort becomes ob- 

 scured with white fumes, which condense 

 into a matter of apparently an oily consist- 

 ence. 



The liquor which distils over into the 

 receiver is the sulphuric ether. If, to 

 the residual liquor in the retort, there be 

 added half the quantity of alcohol em- 

 ployed in the first distillation, on apply- 

 ing heat, a new production of ether will 

 take place ; and this may be repeated for 

 several times. 



Towards the end of the distillation, a 

 portion of sulphurous acid is formed and 

 disengaged, with which the ether is so 



