EUC 



EUC 



ground, and the space around filled up 

 with earth, except on one side, for the 

 convenience of putting bottles to the 

 l\vo pipes; then some water was poured 

 on to sodden the earth, and as much of 

 it as would was suffered to run through 

 without notice, by which the earth might 

 be considered as saturated with water. 

 For some weeks the soil was kept above 

 the level of the upper pipe, but latterly 

 it was constantly a little below it, which 

 precluded any water running oft' through 

 it. For the first year the soil at top was 

 bare ; but for the two last years it was 

 covered with grass, the same as any 

 green field. Things being thus circum- 

 stanced, a regular register \v as kept oi the 

 quantity of rain water that ran off' from 

 the surlace of the earth through the up- 

 per pipe, (whilst that took place,) and 

 also of the quantity of that which sunk 

 down through the three feet of earth, 

 and ran out through the lower pipe. A 

 rain guage of the same diameter was kept 

 close by, to find the quantity of rain for 

 any corresponding time. The weight of 

 the water which ran through the pipes 

 being subtracted from the water in the 

 rain guage, the remainder was consider- 

 ed as the weight of the water evaporat- 

 ed from the earth in the vessel. From 

 these experiments it appears, thai the 

 quantity of vapour raised annually at 

 Manchester is about 25 inches. If to this 

 we add five inches for the dew, with Mr. 

 Dalton, it will make the annual evapora- 

 tion 30 inches. Now, if we consider the 

 situation of England, and the greater 

 quantity of vapour raised from water, it 

 will not surely be considered as too great 

 an allowance, if we estimate the mean 

 annual evaporation over the whole sur- 

 face of the globe at 35 inches. Now, 35 

 inches from every square inch, on the su- 

 perficies of the globe, make 94,450 cubic 

 miles, equal to the water annually evapo- 

 rated over the whole globe. Was this 

 prodigious mass of water all to subsist in 

 the atmosphere at once, it would increase 

 its mass by about a twelfth, and raise the 

 barometer nearly three inches : but this 

 never happens ; no day passes without 

 rain in some part of the earth ; so that part 

 of the evaporated water is constantly pre- 

 cipitated again. Indeed, it would be im- 

 possible for the whole of the evaporatevl 

 water to subsist in the atmosphere at 

 once, at least in the state of vapour. See 

 Manchester Memoirs. 



EUCALYPTUS, in botany, a genus of 

 the Icosandria Monogynia class and or- 

 der. Essential character: calyx superior, 



permanent, truncate, before flowering 

 time covered with a hemispherical, deci- 

 duous lid ; corolla none ; capsules four- 

 celled, opening at the top, inclosing many 

 seeds. There are two species, viz. E. ob- 

 liqua ; oblique leafed eucalyptis; and E. 

 resinifera, red gum tree. These are both 

 very large and lofty trees, much exceed- 

 ing the English oak both in height and 

 bulk. E. resinifera, contains a large quan- 

 tity of resinous gum; the wood is of a 

 brittle quality ; the flowers grow in little 

 clusters, or rather umbels, about ten in 

 each, and every flower has its proper par- 

 tial foot stalk, a quarter of an inch in 

 length, besides the general one ; the flow- 

 ers are yellowish, and of a singular struc- 

 ture ; the calyx is hemispherical, perfectly 

 entire on the margin ; it afterwards be- 

 comes the capsule; the anthers are small 

 and red; in the centre is a single style, 

 terminated by a blunt stigma; the sta- 

 mens are resinous and aromatic ; the 

 germ appears when cut across to be di- 

 vided into three cells, each containing 

 the rudiments of one or more seeds. 



EUCLEA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Dioecia Dodecandria, or Polygamia class 

 and order. Essential character : male ca- 

 lyx four or five-toothed ; corolla four or 

 five-parted ; stamens twelve to fifteen : 

 female calyx and corolla as in the male : 

 germ superior; styles two; berry two- 

 celled. There is but one species, rzz. E. 

 racemosa, round-leaved euclea, a native 

 of the Cape of Good Hope. 



EUCLID, of Megara, a celebrated phi- 

 losopher and logician ; he was a disciple 

 of Socrates, and flourished about 400 

 years before Christ. The Athenians hav- 

 ing prohibited the Megarians from enter- 

 ing their city, on pain of death, this phi- 

 losopher disguised himself in women's 

 clothes to attend the lectures of Socrates. 

 After the death of Socrates, Plato and 

 other philosophers went to Euclid at Me- 

 gara, to shelter themselves from the ty- 

 rants who governed Athens. This phi- 

 losopher admitted but one chief good ; 

 which he at different times called God, or 

 the Spirit, or Providence. 



EUCLID, the celebrated mathematician, 

 according to the account of Pappus and 

 Proclus, was born at Alexandria, in Egypt, 

 where he flourished and taught mathe- 

 matics, with great applause, under the 

 reign of Ptolemy Lagos, about 280 years 

 before Christ. And here, from his time 

 till the conquest of Alexandria by the 

 Saracens, all the eminent mathematicians 

 were either born or studied; and it is to 

 Euclid, and his scholars, we are beholden 



