FRI 



FRO 



constitute, to some little extent, an arti- 

 cle of commerce, being exported from 

 the Tyrol in considerable numbers every 

 year to various other parts of Europe. 

 Buffon enumerates no fewer than 29 va- 

 rieties, and devotes 50 pages of his cele- 

 brated work to an interesting detail of 

 their manners, habits, and song. They are 

 bred and reared in England in aviaries 

 with great facility ; and the fidelity of 

 their attachments, and delicacy of their 

 attentions, their extreme neatness, paren- 

 tal affection, and animated and almost in- 

 cessant music, constitute a source of pure 

 and exquisite entertainment to all the ad- 

 mirers of artless and interesting nature. 

 F. linaria, or the linnet, is to be met with 

 in every part of Europe and America, and 

 is particularly common in England, where 

 it builds, generally in thorns and furze 

 bushes, and breeds twice in the year. 

 Linnets feed on various seeds ; but parti- 

 cularly relish those of the flax plant, from 

 the Latin name for which (linum) they 

 probably derive their name. They can 

 be taught the notes of various other birds, 

 and even to utter words with very distinct 

 enunciation ; but their natural song., ex- 

 pressive of tranquillity, and rapture, and 

 poured out in a strain of richly varied me- 

 lody, is infinitely superior to these un- 

 meaning and elaborate articulations. Mr. 

 "Wilson enumerates 17 species as natives 

 of the United States. For the red pole 

 and the mountain-sparrow, see Aves, 

 Plate VI. fig. 7 and 8. 



FRIT, in the glass manufacture, the 

 matter or ingredients whereof glass is to 

 be made, when they have been calcined 

 or baked in a furnace ; or it is the calcin- 

 ed matter to be run into glass. See 

 GLASS. 



FRITILLARIA, in botany, imperial 

 fritillary, or croivn imperial, a genus of the 

 Hexandria Monogynia class and order. 

 Natural order of Coronariae. Lilia, Jus- 

 sieu. There are five species, with many 

 varieties. 



PRIZING of cloth, a term in the woollen 

 manufacture/applied to the formingjof the 

 nap of cloth, or stuff, into a number of 

 little hard burrs or prominences,covering 

 almost the whole grouud thereof. Some 

 cloths are only frized on the back side, 

 as black cloths ; others on the right side, 

 as coloured and mixed cloths, rateens, 

 bays, frizes, &c. Prizing may be per- 

 formed two ways; one with the hand, that 

 is, by means of two workmen, who con- 

 duct a kind of plank that serves for 

 a frizing instrument. 



The other way is by a mill, worked ei- 

 their by water, or a horse, or sometimes 



by men. This latter is esteemed the bet- 

 ter way of frizing, by reason, the motion 

 being uniform and regular, the little 

 knobs of the frizing are formed more 

 equably and regularly. The structure of 

 this useful machine is as follows : 



The three principal parts are thefrizer 

 or crisper, the frizing-table, and the 

 drawer or beam. The two first are two 

 equal planks, or boards, each about ten 

 feet long, and fifteen inches broad, differ- 

 ing only in this, that the frizing-table is 

 lined or covered with a kind of coarse 

 woollen stuff, of a rough sturdy nap ; and 

 the frizeris incrustated with a kind of ce- 

 ment composed of glue, gum arabic, and 

 a yellow sand, with a little aquavits, or 

 urine. The beam, or drawer, thus called 

 because it draws the stuff from between 

 the frizer and the frizing-table, is a wood- 

 en roller,' beset all over with little, fine, 

 short points, or ends of wire, like those of 

 cards used in carding of wool. 



The disposition and use of the machine 

 is thus : the table stands immoveable, and 

 bears or sustains the cloth to be frized, 

 which is laid with that side uppermost on 

 which the nap is to be raised : over the 

 table is placed the frizer, at such a dis- 

 tance from it as to give room for the stuff 

 to be passed between them, so that the 

 frizer, having a very slow semicircular mo- 

 tion, meeting the long hairs or naps of the 

 cloth, twists and rolls them into little 

 knobs or burrs, while, at the same time, 

 the drawer, which is continually turning, 

 draws away the stuff from under the fri- 

 zer, and winds it over its own points. 



All that the workman has to do while 

 the machine is going is, to stretch the 

 stuff on the table, as fast as the drawer 

 takes it off ; and from time to time to take 

 off the stuff from the points of the draw- 

 er. The design of having the frizing-ta- 

 ble lined with stuff of a short, stiff, stub- 

 by nap, is, that it may detain the cloth be- 

 tween the table and the frizer long enough 

 for the grain to be formed, that the draw- 

 er may not take it away too readily, which 

 must otherwise be the case, as it is 

 not held by any thing at the other end. 



FROG. SeeRANA. 



FRONDESCENTIA, in botany, a term 

 expressive of the precise time of the year 

 and month, in which each species of 

 plants unfolds its first leaves. All plants 

 produce new leaves every year; but all 

 do not renew them at the same time. 

 Among woody plants, the elder, and most 

 of the honey-suckles ; among perennial 

 herbs, crocus and tulip are the first that 

 push or expand their leaves. The time of 

 sowing the seed decides with respect to 



