GAM 



GAM 



3. 5. Keepers and their assistants may ap- 

 prehend offenders they find in the act, 

 and take them before a justice. Ibid. c. 

 15. R. distress, and for want of distress, 

 commitment for six months, or till paid, 

 with costs, J. 1. W. 1. A. half to the King, 

 half to the informer. Ibid. s. 11. 



Burning furze, fern, &c. on any forest 

 or chase without consent of the owner, 

 keeper, &c. P. 40s. to 51. R. distress, or 

 in default, commitment from one to three 

 months. J.I. W.I. A. half to the in- 

 former, half to the poor. 28 George II. 

 c. 19. 



Unlawfully entering into any ground, 

 (enclosed or not,) and hunting or killing 

 rabbits, P. treble damages to the party ag- 

 grieved and costs, or commitment for 

 three months, and till he find sureties for 

 his good behaviour. J. 1. W. 1. 22, 23, 

 Charles II. c. 25, s. 4. 



Killing or taking house-dove or pi- 

 geon, P. 20s. or commitment from one to 

 three calendar months, or till paid. R. J. 

 1. W. 1. A. to the prosecutor, 2 George 

 III. c 29. 



Driving, or taking by nets, tunnels, 

 &c. any water-fowl in the moulting sea- 

 son, P. 5s. for each fowl, and nets to be 

 seized and destroyed. R. distress, and in 

 default, commitment from fourteen days 

 to one month. J. 1. W. 1. A. half to 

 the informer, half to the poor. 9 Anne, 

 c. 25. s. 4. 



Game, are deer, hares, pheasants, par- 

 tridges, moor game, and, by the act now 

 passing, snipes and woodcocks are made 

 game. 



It is not to be inferred that these sta- 

 tutes actually impower qualified persons 

 to hunt or shoot any where. They cannot 

 enter another man's land in pursuit of 

 game without his leave ; but at the same 

 time, if he has not warned the sportsman 

 against coming upon his land, he will not 

 recover more than 40s. costs in an action 

 of trespass. 



Sporting seasons. The time for sport- 

 ing, in the day, is from one hour be- 

 fore sun rising, until one hour after sun 

 setting. 10 George III. c. 19. For bus- 

 tards, the sporting is from December 1, 

 to March 1. For grouse, or red grouse, 

 from August 11, to December 10. Hares 

 may be killed all the year, under the re- 

 strictions in 10 George III. c. 19. Heath- 

 fowl, or black-game, from August 20, 

 to December 20. Partridges, from Sep- 

 tember 1, to February 12. Pheasants, 

 from October 1, to February 1. Wid- 



geons, wild ducks, wild geese, wild fowls, 

 at any time but in June, July, August, 

 and September. 



GAMING, laws of. These are found- 

 ed on the doctrine of chances. See 

 CHAJTCE. 



M. de Moivre, in a treatise " De Men- 

 sura Sortis," has computed the variety of 

 chances in several cases that occur in 

 gaming, the laws of which may be under- 

 stood by what follows: 



Suppose p the number of cases in 

 which an event may happen, and q the 

 number of cases wherein it may not 

 happen, both sides have the degree of 

 probability, which is to each other as p 

 to q 



If two gamesters, A and B, engage on 

 this footing, that, if the cases p happen, 

 A shall win; but if q happen, B shall 

 win, and the stake be a ; the chance of A 



will be * . and that of B ; con- 



P+q p-rg 



sequently, if they sell the expectancies, 

 they should have that for them respec- 

 tively. 



If A and B play with a single die, on 

 this condition, that, if A throw two or 

 more aces at eight throws, he shall win ; 

 otherwise B shall win ; what is the ratio 

 of their chances ? Since there is but one 

 case wherein an ace may turn up, and 

 five wherein it may not, let a = 1, and 

 6 = 5. And again, since there are eight 

 throws of the die, let n .= 8 ; and you will 

 have a -j- h]n b n n a b 1. to 6" + 

 n a b n 1 : that is, the chance of A will 

 be to that of B, as 663,991 to 10,156,525, 

 or nearly as 2 to 3. 



A and B are engaged at single quoits, 

 and, after playing some time, A wants 4 

 of being up, and B 6; but B is so much 

 the better gamester, that his chance 

 against A upon a single throw would be 

 as 3 to 2; what is the ratio of their 

 chances ? Since A wants 4, and B 6, the 

 game will be ended at nine throws; there- 

 fore raise +6 to the ninth power, and it 

 will be 9+ 9a 8 b + 36 ai b 6+84 a 6 63+ 

 126 a5 M+126 a* 65, to 84 a? 6 6 +36 a a 6? 

 + 6 a 63+69- call a 3, and b 2, and you 

 will have the ratio of chances in numbers, 

 viz. 1,759,077 to 194,048. 



A and B play at single quoits, and A 

 is the best gamester, so that he can give 

 B 2 in 3; what is the ratio of their 

 chances at a single throw ? Suppose the 

 chances as z to 1, and raise z + 1 to its 

 cube, which will be z3 + 3 z 1 + 3 g 



