GAR 



GAR 



dry, denotes any beast full faced, and 

 looking" right forward. 



GARDEN. We must divide this arti- 

 cle under four heads ; viz. the flower, or 

 pleasure garden, the kitchen garden, the 

 nursery, and the forcing department. 

 Of these we shall treat distinctly under 

 the head of GABBLING. 



In this place it is proper to state, that 

 a garden should have a favourable aspect, 

 gently declining towards the south-west, 

 and should be enclosed by a substantial 

 wall, high to the north and to the east, 

 but rather low towards the south and 

 west : the former will preserve the plants 

 from the chilling winds proceeding from 

 those quarters, the latter will allow the 

 genial breezes from the favourable points 

 to circulate freely throughout the enclo- 

 sure, while the sun will not be debarred 

 during the cooler months, especially 

 from visiting the interior in general. In 

 the height of summer, as the sun rises 

 and sets to the northward, the southern 

 borders of the garden will be screened 

 during the heat of the day, but will, dur- 

 ing the early and late hours of its stay 

 above the horizon, receive sufficient 

 warmth without being scorched. Hence 

 the south side, generally speaking, af- 

 fords a shady border. 



The soil of a garden should be deep, 

 rich and clean : without such qualities 

 the produce will be inferior, while the 

 labour and expense will be enhanced in 

 exact ratio with the defect. Nor can a 

 garden be too abundantly supplied with 

 water,- the absence of which, in adequate 

 proportion, will render every effort to- 

 wards perfection totally unavailing. 



It is of the utmost importance that the 

 whole garden should have a free access 

 of air, and that the subsoil should be 

 wholesome and sound. The great ex- 

 haustion occasioned by constant crop- 

 ping demands liberal supplies of rich 

 manure, that the soil should be kept in 

 excellent heart. Nor should such parts 

 as are intended for the production of 

 vegetables be crowded with trees, or 

 bushes. We should advise in the strong- 

 est manner, that such trees, &c. as spread 

 their roots widely, be interdicted alto- 

 gether, and that such as may be consi- 

 dered as really indispensable be set out 

 at ample distances, and not allowed to 

 over-shadow the beds. 



It is possible, however, to have the soil 

 of a garden made too rich, that is, for the 

 production of vegetables in general, 

 many of which require an open free soil, 

 not too highly dressed. Carrots, par- 



snips, and even turnips, may be injured 

 by over-richness; while onions, mush- 

 rooms, asparagus, &c. delight in such 

 parts as are manured even to a degree of 

 rottenness. 



The directions given under the head 

 Gardening will furnish ample instruction 

 on this subject ; and will give, in a con- 

 cise form, the leading features of the art, 

 in such manner as may prove useful to, 

 and be easily retained in memory by, 

 those who may not be provided with 

 publications treating abstractedly on that 

 subject. 



GARDENIA, in botany, so named in 

 honour of Alexander Garden, M. D. of 

 Charlestown, in Carolina, a genus of the 

 Pentandria Monogynia class and order. 

 Natural order of Contort*. Rubiaceae, 

 Jussieu. Essential character: corolla 

 one-petalled, contorted or twisted ; stig- 

 ma lobed ; berry inferior, two to four 

 celled, many-seeded. There are fifteen 

 species. 



GARDENING being a science of the 

 utmost importance to the community at 

 large, is followed by many persons with 

 considerable advantage to themselves. 

 Indeed, what is called market-gardening 

 is a medium between private horticulture 

 and that part of farming which relates to 

 the production of green crops. We 

 shall in this confine ourselves to horti- 

 culture, as suited to ornament, and to 

 the management of grounds cultivated 

 with the view to family supply. The 

 following list of fruits is usually resorted 

 to, when forming a garden. Apples in 

 all their varieties, pears ditto, plumbs 

 ditto, peaches ditto, apricots ditto, nec- 

 tarines ditto, cherries ditto, figs ditto, 

 grapes ditto, mulberries ditto, med- 

 lars, quinces, walnuts, chesnuts, filberds, 

 gooseberries, currants, raspberries, straw- 

 berries. The vegetable department usu- 

 ally consists of the following: asparagus, 

 artichokes, ditto Jerusalem, beans, peas, 

 kidney-beans, running ditto, turnips, cau- 

 H-flowers, cabbages, brocoli, colewortg, 

 sea kale, cucumbers, onions, leeks, ra- 

 dishes, lettuces, celery, endive, spinach, 

 beets, parsley, fennel, cardoons; cress, 

 mustard, chevril, potatoes, carrots, par- 

 snips, melons, mushrooms, and love-ap- 

 ples : with capsicums, hyssop, marjoram, 

 sage, mint, thyme, balm, lavender, rose- 

 mary, basil, clary, borage, and penny- 

 royal, for pot-herbs, &c. 



The flower tribe are as follows : First 

 class, or tender annuals : amaranthus of 

 sorts, stiamonium, egg-plant, balsams, 

 ice-plant, sensitive plant, humble plant, 



