OAU 



GAU 



ancient soccage-tenure : the custom came 

 from our Saxon ancestors, among whom 

 the inheritance of lands did not descend 

 to the eldest, but to all the sons alike ; 

 and the reason why it was retained in 

 Kent is, because the Kentish men were 

 not conquered by the Normans in the 

 time of William I. 



The particular customs attending this 

 tenure are, that the heir, at the age of 

 fifteen, may give or sell his lands in ga- 

 velkind ; and though the father is attaint- 

 ed of treason and felony, and suffers 

 death, the son shall inherit. A wife 

 shall be endowed of a moiety of the 

 gavelkind-lands of which her husband 

 died seised, during her widowhood. 

 Likewise a husband may be tenant by 

 courtesy of half his wife's lands, without 

 having any issue by her; but if he mar- 

 ries again, not having issue, he forfeits 

 his tenancy. 



GAUGE-POINT, of a solid measure, 

 the diameter of a circle, whose area is 

 equal to the solid content of the same 

 measure. Thus, the solidity of a wine- 

 gallon being 231 cubic inches, ifyou con- 

 ceive a circle to contain so many inches, 

 the diameter of it will be 17.15 ; and that 

 will be the gauge-point of wine-measure. 

 And an ale-gallon, containing 282 cubic 

 inches, by the same rule, the gauge-point 

 for ale measure will be found to be 19.15. 

 After the same manner may the gauge- 

 point of any foreign measure be obtained; 

 and from hence may be drawn this 

 consequence, that when the diameter of 

 a cylinder, in inches, is,- equal to the 

 gauge-point of any measure, given like- 

 wise in inches, every inch in length there- 

 of will contain an integer of the same 

 measure, e.gr. in a cylinder whose diame- 

 ter is 17.15 inches, every inch in height 

 contains one entire gallon in wine mea- 

 sure ; and in another, whose diameter is 

 18.95 inches, every inch in length contains 

 one ale gallon. 



GAUGER, a king's officer, who is 

 appointed to examine all tuns, pipes, 

 hogsheads, and barrels, of wine, beer, 

 ale, oil, honey, &c. and give them a 

 mark of allowance, before they are sold 

 in any place within the extent of his of- 

 fice. 



GAUGING, is the art of ascertaining 

 the contents of casks, vats, and other re- 

 gularly formed vessels, either in wine 

 measure, which has 231 cubic inches to 

 the gallon ; in ale measure, whioh has 282 

 to the gallon ; or in corn measure, which 

 has 2150.42 cubic inches to the bushel. 

 To find the contents of a vessel of a rec- 



tilinear ' form, you must ascertain the 

 number of square inches on its surface, 

 which being divided by the foregoing 

 numbers (according as you use wine, ale, 

 or corn measure,) will give the contents 

 in gallons. But in this we suppose the 

 vessel to be only one inch in depth ; if 

 more, tha number of inches from the 

 surface to the bottom must become a 

 second agent in the calculation. Thus, 

 if a cooler be a parallelogram of 250 inches 

 long, and 84.5 broad, these measure- 

 ments being multiplied together, will give 

 an area of 21.125 inches, which being di- 

 vided by 282, the number of inches in an 

 ale gallon, the result will be 74.9 gallons: 

 or if the product had been divided by 

 .003546, the quotient would have been 

 74.90925, which is much the same. We 

 have in this case supposed the area to have 

 perpendicular sides, only one inch in 

 depth. If the sides be six inches deep, 

 the foregoing result, viz. 74.9, should be 

 multiplied by 6 ; which would then give 

 449.4 gallons to be the measurement of 

 the cooler. Where the sides shelve in, 

 as in most tubs, or project out as in 

 bell casks, regularly increasing or de- 

 creasing from the top to the bottom, the 

 whole length at top and the whole length 

 at bottom must be added together, and be 

 halved, so as to give the medium length ; 

 and the same to find a medium of the two 

 breadths at top and bottom. These medi- 

 ums being multiplied together will give an 

 area,which, being multiplied by the depth 

 in inches, will shew the true contents, in 

 either wine, ale, or corn measure, accord- 

 ing to the divisor used. When the bot- 

 tom shelves equally, the measurement at 

 the centre will be a true medium ; but 

 if the bottom is uneven and irregular, you 

 must take various measurements in differ- 

 ent parts ; then add the whole together, 

 and divide by the number of measure- 

 ments, or dips, and the quotient will, in 

 general, be a fair medium. If the vessel 

 is triangular, pentagonal, or anywise poly- 

 angular, the area must be ascertained by 

 the ordinary rules in GEOMETRY, which, 

 see. 



In circular vessels you must multiply 

 the square of the diameter by .002785 for 

 ale, or .003399 for wine : divide the former 

 measure by 359.05, the latter by 294.12, 

 and the quotients will be ale or wine gal- 

 lons respectively. 



Where you have an oval vessel to mea- 

 sure, ascertain the transverse or longest 

 diameter, and the cojugate, or shortest 

 diameter; multiply them together and di- 

 vide as. above. 



