GAZ 



GEL 



as far as could be done with safety, leav- 

 ing the bungholes and the ends of the 

 staves of their ordinary thickness. By 

 this device many gallons escaped paying 

 duty while the vender, selling by the gal- 

 lon, lost nothing, though he saved freight 

 in proportion to the quantity of wood 

 scooped from the interior face. 



GAULTHERIA, in botany, a genus of 

 the Decandria Monogynia class and or- 

 der. Natural order of Bicornes. Erics, 

 Jussieu Essential character : calyx, outer 

 two-leaved, inner five-cleft; corolla ovate; 

 nectary with ten dagger-points ; capsule 

 five -celled, covered with the inner calyx, 

 now become a berry. There are two 

 species. 



GAURA, in botany, a genus of the 

 Octandria Monogynia class and order. 

 Natural order of Calycanthemx. Onagrse, 

 Jussieu. Essential character : calyx four- 

 cleft, tubulous ; corolla four-petalled, ris- 

 ing towards the upper side; nut inferior, 

 one-seeded, four cornered There is but 

 one species. 



GAUZE, in commerce, a thin transpa- 

 rent stuff, sometimes woven with silk, 

 and sometimes only of thread. In pre- 

 paring the silk for making gauze it is 

 wound round a wooden machine six feet 

 high, in the middle of which an axis is 

 placed perpendicularly, with six large 

 wings: on these the silk is wound on 

 bobbins by the revolution of the axis ; 

 and when it is thus placed round the 

 mill, it is taken off by means of another 

 instrument, and wound on two beams. 

 This is then passed through as many 

 small beads as it has threads, and is thus 

 rolled on another beam, in order to sup- 

 ply the loom. Gauzes are either plain 

 or figured ; the latter are worked with 

 flowers of silver or gold, on a silk 

 ground ; and are chiefly imported from 

 China. Gauzes of excellent quality have, 

 of late years, been manufactured at 

 Paisley. 



GAZELLA. See ANTELOPE. 



GAZETTE, a newspaper, or printed 

 account of the transactions of all the 

 countries in the known world, in a loose 

 sheet, or half sheet. This name is with 

 us confined to that paper of news pub- 

 lished by authority. 



The first gazette in England was pub- 

 lished at Oxford, the court being there, 

 Nov. 7, 1665. On the removal of the 

 court to London the gazette was publish- 

 ed there. In this work are recorded all 

 commissions and promotions in the army, 

 all state appointments of consequence, 

 with a variety of matters interesting to 

 jmen of business and others. 



GAZONS, in fortification, pieces ef 

 fresh earth, covered with grass, and cut 

 in form of a wedge, about a foot long, 

 and half a foot thick, to line the outsides 

 of works made of earth, as ramparts, pa- 

 rapets, &.C. 



GELATINE, in chemistry, is one of 

 the constituent parts of animal sub- 

 stances. Glue, well known in many of 

 the mechanical and other arts, is gelatine, 

 in a state of impurity, and may be ob- 

 tained by repeatedly washing the fresh 

 skin of an animal in cold water, after- 

 wards boiling it, and reducing it to a 

 small quantity, by slow evaporation, and 

 allowing it to cool. It then assumes the 

 form of jelly, and becomes hard and semi- 

 transparent. Gelatine has neither taste 

 nor smell ; it is soluble in hot acids and 

 alkalies ; but there is no action between 

 any of the earths and this substance, 

 feome of the metallic oxides and salts 

 form precipitates with gelatine in its 

 solution in water, and the compound 

 thus formed is insoluble. Gelatine forms 

 a copious white precipitate with tan, 

 which is brittle and insoluble in water, 

 and is not changed by exposure to the 

 air. It is composed of carbon, hydrogen, 

 azote, and oxygen, with small portions 

 of phosphate of lime and of soda. It is a 

 principal part both of the solid and fluid 

 parts of animals, and is employed in the 

 state of glue, size, and isinglass. See 

 GLUE. 



GELD, in our old customs, a Saxon 

 word, signifying money, or tribute : also 

 a compensation for some crime commit- 

 ted. See GILD. 



GELLIBRAND, (HENRY) an industri- 

 ous English mathematician and astrono- 

 mer, was born at London in the year 

 1597. When he was eighteen years of 

 age he was admitted a commoner of 

 Trinity College, in the university of Ox- 

 ford, where, in the year 1619, he took 

 his degree of B. A. At that time, An- 

 thony Wood says, " He was esteemed to 

 have no great matter in him ;" but after- 

 wards he conceived a strong inclination 

 for the mathematics, upon accidentally 

 hearing one of Sir Henry Saville's lec- 

 tures in that science, and applied to it 

 with considerable diligence and success. 

 Having taken orders, he settled for some 

 time as a curate at Chiddingstone in 

 Kent ; but his passion for mathematical 

 studies determined him to quit that situ- 

 ation, and to return to the University, 

 where he might uninterruptedly pursue 

 the bent of his mind, supported by the 

 moderate private patrimony which de- 

 scended to him on the death of his 



