GLOBE. 



at night ; and the place that comes under 

 the same degree 01 the meridian where 

 London was shows where the perioeci 

 dwell, or those people that have the 

 same seasons and at the same time as 

 London, as also the same length of days 

 and nights, &c. at that time, but only their 

 time or hour is just opposite, or twelve 

 hours distant, being day with one when 

 night with the other, &c. Lastly, as the 

 globe stands, count down by the meridian 

 the same degree of latitude south, and 

 that will give the place of the antipodes 

 of London, being diametrically under or 

 opposite to it ; and so having all its times, 

 both hours and seasons, opposite, being 

 day with the one when night with the 

 other, and summer with the one when 

 winter with the other. 



5. " To find the distance of two places 

 on the globe." If the two places .be ei- 

 ther both on the equator, or both on the 

 same meridian, the number of degrees in 

 the distance between them, reduced into 

 miles, at the rate of seventy English miles 

 to the degree, (or more exactly sixty-nine 

 and one-fifth, ; will give the distance near- 

 ly. But in any other situations of the two 

 places, lay the quadrant of altitude over 

 them, and the degrees counted upon it, 

 from the one place to the other, and turn- 

 ed into miles as above, will give the dis- 

 tance in this case. 



6. - To find the difference in the time 

 of the day at any two given places, and 

 thence the difference of longitude." Bring 

 one of the places to the meridian, and set 

 the hour index to twelve at noon ; then 

 turn the globe till the other place comes 

 to the meridian, and the index will point 

 out the difference of time ; then, by al- 

 lowing fifteen degrees to every hour, or 

 one degree to four miles of time, the dif- 

 ference of longitude will be known. Or 

 the difference of longitude may be found 

 without the time, thus : 



First bring the one place to the meri- 

 dian, and note the degree of longitude on 

 the equator cut by it ; then do the same 

 by the other place ; which gives the lon- 

 gitudes of the two places ; then subtract- 

 ing the one number of degrees from the 

 other gives the difference of longitude 

 sought. 



7. " The time being known at any giv- 

 en place, as suppose London, to find what 

 hour it is in any other part of the world." 

 Bring the given place, London, to the me- 

 ridian, and set the index to the given hour; 

 then turn the globe till the other place 

 come to the meridian, and look at what 



hour the index points, which will be the 

 time sought. 



8. " To find the sun's place in the 

 ecliptic, and also on the globe, at any giv- 

 en time." Look into the calendar on the 

 wooden horizon for the month and day of 

 the month proposed, and immediately op- 

 posite stands the sign and degree which 

 the sun is in on that day. Then, in the 

 ecliptic drawn upon the globe, look tor 

 the same sign and degree, and that will 

 be the place of the suu required. 



9. " To find at what place on the earth 

 the sun is vertical, at a given moment of 

 time at another place, as suppose Lon- 

 don." Find the sun's place on the globe 

 by the last problem, and turn the globe 

 about till that place come to the meridian, 

 and note the degree of the meridian just 

 over it Then turn the globe till the giv- 

 en place, London, come to the meridian, 

 and set the index to the'given moment of 

 time. Lastly, turn the globe till the index 

 points to twelve at noon ; then the place 

 of the earth, or globe, which stands under 

 the before noted degree, has the sun at 

 that moment in the zenith. 



10. " To find how long the sun shines, 

 without setting, in any given place in the 

 frigid zones." Subtract the degrees of 

 latitude of the given place from ninety, 

 which gives the complement of the lati- 

 tude, and count the number of this com- 

 plement upon the meridian fromthe equa- 

 tor towards the pole, marking that point 

 of the meridian; then turn the globe 

 round,and carefully observe what two de- 

 grees of the ecliptic pass exactly under 

 the point marked on the meridian. Then 

 look for the same degrees of the ecliptic 

 on the wooden horizon, and just oppo- 

 site to them stand the months and days of 

 the months corresponding, and between 

 which two days the sun never sets in that 

 latitude. 



If the beginning and end of the longest 

 night be required, or the period of time 

 in which the sun never rises at that place; 

 count the same complement of latitude 

 towards the south or farthest pole, and 

 then the rest of the work will be the 

 same in all respects as above. 



Note, that this solution is independent 

 of the horizontal refraction of the sun, 

 which raises him rather more than half a 

 degree higher, by that means making the 

 day so much longer, and the night the 

 shorter ; therefore, in this case, set the 

 mark on the meridian half a degree high- 

 er up towards the north pole than what 

 the complement of latitude gives ; then 

 proceed with it as before, and the more 



