GRO 



GRY 



dead, or in a swoon, the. limbs convulsed 

 and trembling, till at last no more signs 

 of life appear, than a very weak and almost 

 insensible beating of the heart and arte- 

 ries ; which, if the animal is left a little 

 longer, quickly ceases too, and then the 

 case is irrevocable ; but if it is snatched 

 out and laid in the open air, it soon comes 

 to life again, and sooner if thrown into the 

 adjacent lake." 



GHOTTO is also used for a small artificial 

 edi^ce made in a garden, in imitation of 

 a natural grotto. 



The outsides of these grottoes are usu- 

 ally adorned with rustic architecture, and 

 their inside with shell-work, coral, &c.and 

 also furnished with various fountains, and 

 other ornaments. 



The following is recommended as good 

 cement for grotto work. Take two parts 

 of white resin, melt it clear, add to it four 

 parts of bees'-wax; when melted together, 

 add some flower of the stone you design 

 to cement, two or three parts, or so much 

 as will give the cement the colour of the 

 stone; to this add one part of the flower 

 of sulphur : first incorporate all together 

 over a gentle fire, and after wards knead it 

 with your hands in warm water. With 

 this fasten the stones, shells, &c. after 

 they are well dried, and warmed before 

 the fire. 



GROUND, in painting, the surface up- 

 on which the figures and other objects 

 are represented. See PAINTING. 



GROUP, in painting and sculpture, is 

 an assemblage of two or more figures of 

 men, beasts, fruits, or the like, which have 

 some apparent relation to each other. 



Groups, with respect to the design, are 

 combinations of several figures, which 

 bear a relation to each other, either upon 

 account of the action, or of their proximi- 

 ty, or of the effect they produce. These 

 we conceive as representing so many dif- 

 ferent subjects, or at least so many dis- 

 tinct parts or members of one great sub- 

 ject. Thus, in architecture, we say a 

 group of columns, when we speak of three 

 or four columns standing together on the 

 same pedestal. 



Groups, with respect to the clair-ob- 

 scure, are assemblages of figures, where 

 the lights and shadows are diffused in 

 such a manner, that they strike the eye 

 together, and naturally lead it to consider 

 them in one view. 



GROUP, in music, one of the kinds of 

 diminutions of long notes, which, in work- 

 ing, form a sort of group, knot, or bush. 

 It usually consists of four or more crotch- 



ets, quavers, 8cc. tied together at the dis* 

 cretion of the composer.* 



GRUB, the name of worms produced 

 from the eggs of beetles, which are at 

 length transformed into winged insects, 

 of the same species with their parents. 



GROUSE, a species of the TETRAD, 

 which see. 



GRUINALES, in botany, the name of 

 the fourteenth order of Linnaeus's Frag- 

 ments. This order furnishes both herba- 

 ceous and woody plants. The roots are 

 sometimes fibrous, and sometimes tube- 

 rous. In some species of the oxalis, wood- 

 sorrel, they are jointed; the stems are 

 cylindric, and the young branches in some 

 nearly square; the buds are of a conic 

 form, covered with scales ; the leaves in 

 some genera are simple, in others com- 

 pound ; the flowers are hermaphrodite ; 

 the calyx consists either of five distinct 

 leaves, or of one leaf divided almost to the 

 bottom into five parts; it generally accom- 

 panies the seed-bud to its maturity : the 

 petals are five, spreading, and are fre- 

 quently funnel-shaped ; there are gene- 

 rally ten stamens, the anthers oblong, and 

 frequently attached to the filaments by 

 the middle ; the seed-vessel is commonly 

 a five-cornered capsule, with one, three, 

 five, or ten cells, with one seed in each 

 cell. In this order are the geranium, 

 crane's-bill ; linum, flax ; oxabs, wood- 

 sorrel ; guiacum, lignum-vitae. 



GRUS, the crane. See ARDEA. 



GRYLLO talpa, the mole-cricket, a spe- 

 cies of gryllus, with the anterior feet pal- 

 mated. See the next article. 



GRYLLUS, in natural history, the lo- 

 cust, grasshopper, and cricket, a genus of 

 insects belonging to the order Hemiptera. 

 Generic character : head inflected, armed 

 with jaws, and furnished with feelers : an- 

 tenna, in most species, either filiform or 

 setaceous ; wings four, deflex, convolut- 

 ed ; lower wings pleated ; hind legs form- 

 ed for leaping ; claws double on all the 

 feet. There are sixty -one species,of which 

 the following are most worthy of notice : 

 1. Among the most numerous species is 

 the gryllus migratorius of Linnaeus, or 

 common migratory locust, which,of all the 

 insectscapable of injuringmankind, seems 

 to possess the most dreadful powers of 

 destruction. Legions of these amimals 

 are from time to time observed in vari- 

 ous parts of the world, where the havock 

 they commit is almost incredible : whole 

 provinces are in a manner desolated by 

 them in the space of a few days, and the 

 air is darkened by their numbers : nay, 



