HAT 



HAW 



HATS are also made for women's wear, 

 oF chips, straw, or cane, by platting, and 

 sewing the plats together; beginning 

 wit h the centre of the crown, and work- 

 ing rouml till the whole is finished. Hats 

 for the same purpose are also wove and 

 made of horse-hair, silk, &c. See STRAW 

 hat. 



HATCHEL, or HTTCHEI, a tool with 

 which flax and hemp are combed into 

 fine hairs. It consists of long iron pins, 

 or teeth regularly set in a piece of board. 



HATCHES, in a ship, a kind of trap- 

 doors between the main-mast and fore- 

 mast, through which all goods of bulk 

 are let down into the hold. 



HATCHES also denote flood-gates set in 

 a river, &c. to stop the current of the wa- 

 ter ; particularly certain dams or mounds 

 made of rubbish, clay, or earth, to pre- 

 vent the water that issues from the 

 stream-works and tin-washes in Cornwall 

 from running into the fresh rivers. 



HATCHWAY, the place where the 

 hatches are. Thus, to lay a thing in the 

 hatchway, is to put it so that the hatches 

 cannot be come at, or opened. 



HATCHING, the maturating fecundat- 

 ed eggs, whether by the incubation and 

 warmth of the parent bird, or by artifi- 

 cial heat, so as to produce young chick- 

 ens alive. 



The art of hatching chickens by means 

 of ovens has long been practised in 

 Egypt ; but it is there only known to the 

 inhabitants of a single village named 

 Berme, and to those that live at a small 

 distance from it. Towards the beginning 

 of autumn they scatter themselves all 

 over the country, where each person 

 among them is ready to undertake the 

 management of an oven, each of which 

 is of a different size, but in general they 

 are capable of containing from forty to 

 four score thousand eggs. The number 

 of these ovens placed up and down the 

 country is about three hundred and 

 eighty-six, and they usually keep them 

 working for about six months. As, there- 

 fore, each brood takes up in an oven, as 

 under a hen, only twenty-one days, it is 

 easy in every one of them to hatch eight 

 different broods of chickens. Every Ber- 

 mean is under the obligation of delivering 

 to the person who intrusts him with an 

 oven, only two-thirds of as many chickens 

 as there have been eggs put under his 

 care ; and he is a gainer by this bargain, 

 as more than two-thirds of me eggs usu- 

 ally produce chickens. In order to make 

 a calculation of the number of chickens 

 yearly so hatched in Egypt, it has been 

 supposed that only two-thirds pf the eggs 



v are hatched, and that each brood consists 

 of at least thirty thousand chickens; and 

 thus it would appear that the ovens of 

 Egypt give life, v early, to at least ninety- 

 two millions six hundred and forty thou- 

 sand of these animals. 



HATCHMENT, in heraldry, a name 

 sometimes used for an achievement, or 

 escutcheon over a gate, door, or on the 

 side of an house. 



HATCHMENT, also signifies the marshal- 

 ling of several coats of arms in an escut- 

 cheon. 



HAUL the -wind, in naval affairs, to di- 

 rect the ship's course nearer to that point 

 of the compass from which the wind 

 arises. Example. If a ship sail south- 

 west, with the wind northerly, and it is 

 necessary to haul the wind farther to the 

 westward : to perform this operation, it 

 is necessary to arrange the sails more ob- 

 liquely with her keel, to brace the yards 

 more forward, and to haul the lower 

 sheets farther aft, and finally to put the 

 helm over the larboard side of the vessel. 

 When her head is turned directly to the 

 westward, and her sails are trimmed ac- 

 cordingly, she is said to have hauled the 

 wind four points, that is to say, from 

 south-west to west. 



HAUTBOY, a musical instrument of 

 the wind kind, shaped much like the 

 flute, only that it spreads and widens tow- 

 ards the bottom, and is sounded through 

 a reed. See Music. 



HAW foich, in ornithology, the Eng- 

 lish name of a bird, known among authors 

 by the name coccothraustes. See Aves, 

 Plate V11I. fig. 6. 



HAWKERS and PEDLARS, are such 

 dealers or itinerary petty chapmen, who 

 travel to different fairs or towns with 

 goods or wares, and are placed under the 

 control of commissioners, by whom they 

 are licensed for that purpose, pursuant 

 to stat. 8 and 9 William III. c. 25, and 29 

 Geo. HI. c. 26. Traders in linen and 

 woollen, sending goods to markets and 

 fairs, and selling them by wholesale ; ma- 

 nufacturers selling their own manufac- 

 tures; and makers and sellers of English 

 bone-lace going from house to house, &c. 

 are excepted out of the acts, and not to 

 be taken as hawkers. 



HAWSER, in the sea language, a large 

 rope, or a kind of small cable, serving 

 for various uses aboard a ship, as to fasten 

 the main and fore shrouds, to warp a ship 

 as she lies at anchor, and wind her up to 

 it by a capstan, 8cc. The hawser of a man 

 of war may serve for a cable to the sheet- 

 anchor of a small ship. 



HAWSES, in a ship, are two large 



