HER 



HER 



difference of the terms of the correspond- 

 ing arithmetical progression is 5. Arith- 

 tneticals 1, 6, 11. 16, 21, &c., and these, 

 added together, make Heptagonals 1, 7, 

 18, 34, 55, &c. One of the properties of 

 these numbers is, that if they be multipli- 

 ed by 40, and 9 be added to the product, 

 the sum will be a square number. 



Tims 1 X 40 + 9 = 



7 X 40 + 9 == 



18 x 40 -f- 9 = 



34 x 40 -f 9 =r 



56 x 40 + 9 = 



49= 7 s 

 289 = 17 1 



329 = 27* 

 1369 =-37* 

 2209 =47 i Stc. 



Here it is evident, that the series of 

 squares thus formed, is 7 1 , 17 1 , 27S 37 1 , 

 47 1 , &c. the common difference of whose 

 roots is 10, which is double the common 

 difference of the arithmetical series from 

 which the heptagonals are formed. 



HEPTANDRIA, in botany, the seventh 

 class in Linnxus's system, consisting of 

 plants with hermaphrodite flowers, which 

 have seven stamina or male organs. There 

 are four orders of this class, derived from 

 e numoer of styles. 



HEPTARCHY, a government of seven 

 persons : also a state or country divided 

 into seven kingdoms, and governed by 

 seven independent princes ; in which 

 sense it is particularly applied to the go- 

 yernment of South Britain, when divided 

 amongst the Saxons. 



HERACLEUM, in botany, CG-W parsnep, 

 a genus of the Pentandria Digynia class 

 and order. Natural order of Umbellatae 

 or Umbelliferx. Essential character: in- 

 volucre caducous : corolla difform, inflex, 

 emarginate ; fruit elliptic, emarginate, 

 compressed, striated, margined. There 

 are six species, with Several varieties. 



HERALDRY. We shall commence this 

 article with some account of the great 

 and important services of the heralds in 

 former times, how ancient heraldry hath 

 been their employments in war and peace, 

 and in proclaiming and publishing weighty 

 affairs. 



As for their antiquity, they were in re- 

 quest among the ancient Greeks. Homer, 

 in his second book, speaks of nine he- 

 ralds in the Grecian army : and with the 

 Romans they were in such esteem, that 

 Numa Pompih'us, the second king of 

 Rome, instituted a society of heralds, and 

 Ancus Martius, his grandson, and fourth 

 king of Rome, erected a college for them. 



Their business was to determine jieace 

 and war, leagues, agreements, wrongs of- 

 fered or taken by them or their enemies, 

 and to execute martial messages, &c. and 



as the Romans strove chiefly to obtain 

 honour, so the heralds distributed orna- 

 ments and rewards to all who performed 

 worthy actions at home and abroad. 



The Roman law strictly prohibited any 

 to take up arms against an enemy, with- 

 out the consent and approbation of these 

 heralds, and one above the rest, being call- 

 ed Pater Petratus, was crowned witli ver- 

 vain, from whence he became their chief, 

 or king, either in denouncing war, or con- 

 cludingpeace, as is now practised In Eng- 

 land. 



In the time of Edward I. Thomas Earl 

 of Lancaster, Leicester, and Derby, and 

 constable of England, ordained, that no 

 parson, curate, churchwarden, &c. should 

 pull down any hatchment, coat of arms, 

 or pennon, or eraze any tomb out of 

 churches or church-yards ; and .also, that 

 no goldsmith, coppersmith, glazier, paint- 

 er, or marbler, have to do with arms, 

 without the consent of the King of Arms 

 of that province, and that they should 

 not set a merchant's mark within an es- 

 cutcheon; which order was revived in 

 1707, by Henry, Howard, earl of Bindon, 

 deputy earl-marshal of England, with 

 these additions, viz. that no engraver, 

 chacer, carver, stone-cutter, coach-maker, 

 funeral undertaker, and others in the pre- 

 mises, should design and appoint, to or 

 for any persons, any arms, or ensigns ar- 

 moriaJ, &c. as they would answer the con- 

 tempt thereof at their peril. 



The said Thomas Earl of Lancaster al- 

 so ordained, that (for the better observ- 

 ing of the aforesaid order) all the Kings 

 of Arms should keep their chapters once 

 every quarter of the year, at least, and 

 that they should make their visitations in 

 their provinces, or their marshals for 

 them, every seventh year. And he like- 

 wise ordained, that the heralds, at the in- 

 terment of every gentleman, (where they 

 were called to that service) should take 

 the pedigree, with diligent examination 

 of old folks, and record the same. 



The heralds, in former times, frequent- 

 ly attended their sovereigns in their wara 

 abroad ; and in their progress were often 

 despatched to other princes, with messa- 

 ges of war, as defiances, &c. and if they 

 received any violence or affront from 

 those princes to whom they were sent, it 

 was highly resented by him whom they 

 served. 



In the reign of King Edward III. Henry 

 King of Castile sent ai) herald to the Black 

 Prince, to know why he invaded his king- 

 dom ; and in 1415, King Henry V. of Eng- 

 land, sending Antelope Pursuivant ut 



