HERALDRY. 



The saltier contains the fifth part of the 

 shield; if charged, thejhird. This object 

 represents an ancient description of a sca- 

 ling ladder ; and, similar to the other or- 

 dinaries, is borne engrailed, wavy, &c. &c. 

 (See fig. 35.) Sable, a saltire embattled, 

 counter embattled, argent. 



An inescocheon consists of the fifth part 

 of the field, and is to be placed in the fess 

 point. Those who marry an heiress bear 

 her arms on an escocheon of pretence. 

 (See fig. 36.) Ermine, an inescocheon 

 gules. 



The pile is an ordinary, in form like a 

 wedge ; is an ancient addition to armoury, 

 and adopted from the pointed instrument 

 used to secure foundations on marshy 

 grounds. (See fig. 37.) Azure, a pile 

 ermine. 



Partitions are such in which there is no 

 tincture from metal, colour, or fur, predo- 

 minating in them, and are formed of vari- 

 ous lines of partition, often causing coun- 

 ter-changing and transmutation. This 

 kind of bearing may be engrailed, &c. 

 (See fig. 38. Plate II.) Parted per pale, 

 argent and gules. 



An example of counterchanges is given 

 in fig. 39. Or, a cross per pale, gules and 

 sable. 



Another of ordinaries joined is shown in 

 fig. 40. Gules on a chevron argent, three 

 bars, gemells sable. 



The artificial objects used in heraldry 

 are very numerous, and far too much so 

 for enumeration : they express ensigns of 

 dignity, both spiritual and temporal, the 

 liberal and mechanical professions, and 

 military and naval acts. See fig. 41. 



Military figures are equally usual, and 

 consist of castles, battering rams, dag- 

 gers, spears, &c. &c. 



Common charges are composed of ob- 

 jects natural or artificial; celestial are 

 borne single, upon or between any of the 

 h on ou ruble ordinaries, and then three are 

 the usiipl number. (See fig. 42.) Dia- 

 mond, a fess ermine, between three cres- 

 cents topaz. 



Under the article of vegetables are in- 

 cluded trees, plants, leaves, flowers, and 

 fruits. An illustration is given in fig. 43. 

 Vert, five fig-leaves in saltier. 



Various parts of the human body and 

 the blood are borne in heraldry. (See 

 fig. 44.) Argent, goutte de sang. Those 

 are, however, seldom borne alone, but 

 upon or with some of the ordinaries. 

 Goutte de sang only, always signifies 

 gules ; goutte de larmes, drops of tears, 

 azure ; goutte de eau, drops of water, ar- 

 gent ; de poix, or svble, drops of pitch 

 and '\'<j\\ The form of each is the same 



VOL. VI. 



The bloody hand is the appropriate 

 mark of a baronet. 



Of the various animals used, the lion is 

 the most honourable ; and all quadrupeds 

 are considered more so than the bearings: 

 of fishes or fowls, particularly the males. 

 The lion is borne rampant, (see fig. 45.) 

 argent, a lion rampant sable ; and passant, 

 (see fig. 46.) or, a lion passant sable, in 

 chief three piles of the second. Parts of 

 the lion are also generally adopted, (see 

 fig. 47.) Argent, a lion's head crazed 

 vert. The varieties of beasts, and their 

 parts are extremely common, and cannot 

 possibly be specified in an article so brief 

 as the present, (see fig. 48.) Gules, a 

 talbot passant, or, a chief ermine. AU 

 animals, which are quadrupeds, and ovi- 

 parous, may be borne. (See fig. 49.) Azure, 

 a tortoise erect, or. Fowls of every de- 

 scription are to be represented in the na r 

 ttiral acts of standing or flying ; those thai: 

 are either whole footed, or have their 

 feet divided, and have no talons, should 

 be termed membered ; the cock, and all 

 birds of prey, must be called armed, and 

 the arming or membering of them is to 

 be of a different colour from the fowl or 

 bird : in the blazoning of fowls, which 

 make much use of their wings, if they are 

 not exhibited spread, they must be term- 

 ed close. The parts and members are 

 generally borne both couped and crazed, 

 and that on or between any of the ho- 

 nourable ordinaries. Birds are consider- 

 ed a more noble bearing than fish. (See 

 fig. 50.) [Ermine, and eagle displayed 

 gules. 



Fishes are borne in many positions, di- 

 rectly upright, embowed, extended, and 

 indorsed, and surmounting each other, 

 fretted and triangle. (See fig. 51.) Azure, 

 three trouts fretted in triangle argent. 

 Those upright, with fins, were anciently 

 termed in blazoning hauriant, signifying 1 

 the act of respiration, to accomplish which 

 fish frequently rise to the surface for fresh 

 air ; when borne transverse, or swimming, 

 they were called in blazoning naiant. 

 Fishes are borne in part, and on or be- 

 tween any of the honourable ordinaries. 



There are, besides, animals or mon- 

 sters, (see fig. 52.) Argent, a dragon's 

 fyead erazed vert, holding in his mouth a 

 sinister hand, couped at the wrist, gules. 



Such are the peculiarities which dis- 

 tinguish the shield within the boundaries 

 of its surface ; we shall now proceed to 

 treat of the helmet, and show how it is 

 placed in various cases, on the shield, 

 above the coronet, and in others without 

 the latter symbol of rank, which equally 

 marks the gradation of title with the hel 



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