HIE 



HIE 



Iocs, camels, cows, and oxen, are export- 

 ed yearly. Nearly 10,000 go to Mar- 

 seilles, and a still greater number to Ita- 

 ly. The buffaloe hides, being thicker and 

 heavier than the others, are chiefly trans- 

 ported to Syria. As the pastures of 

 Lower Egypt are excellent, the hides of 

 its cattle, in consequence of their being 

 so well fed, are of the very best quality. 

 Great numbers of buffaloes are also in 

 North America. They are larger than an 

 ox, and their head is so full of hair that 

 it falls over their eyes, and gives them a 

 frightful look. There is a bunch on thdir 

 back, which begins at the haunches, and 

 increasing gradually to the shoulders, 

 reaches on to the neck. The -whole bo- 

 dy is covered with long hair, or rather 

 wool, of a dun or mouse cotour, which is 

 exceedingly valuable, especially that on 

 the forepart of the body, being proper 

 for the manufacture of various articles! 

 The hide makes a considerable arjticle of 

 export from America. There are hides 

 of several denominations, according to 

 their state and quality. Raw or green 

 hide is that which has not undergone 

 any preparation, being in the same condi- 

 tion as when taken off the carcase. 

 There are also hides dried in the hair. 

 Salted hide is a green hide seasoned 

 with sea-salt and alum, or salt-petre, to 

 prevent its corruption. Most of the 

 hides imported from Holland and France 

 are so prepared. Tanned hides are fur- 

 ther prepared by the tanner, by paring 

 off* the hair, and steeping them in pits of 

 lime and tan. Curried hides are those, 

 which, after tanning, have passed through 

 the currier's hands, and have thus re- 

 ceived their last preparation, so as to be 

 tit for use. 



HIDE of land t was such a quantity of 

 land as might be ploughed with one 

 plough within the compass of a year, or 

 so much as would maintain a family ; some 

 call it sixty, some eighty, and some an 

 hundred acres. 



The distribution of this kingdom by 

 bides of land is very ancient, mention 

 being made of it in the laws of King 

 Ina. Henry I. had three shillings for 

 every hide of land, in order to raise a 

 dowry for his daughter : this tax was call- 

 ed hidage, 



HIERACIUM, in botany, English hatok 

 weed, a genus of the Syngenesia Polyga- 

 mia jEqualis class and order. Natural 

 order of Composite Semiflosculosse. Ci- 

 ehoracese, Jussieu. Essential character : 

 calyx imbricate, ovate ; down simple ses- 

 sile ; receptacle naked. There are fifty- 



five species : most of these plants are re- 

 puted to be weeds ; few of them are cul- 

 tivated except in botany gardens. 



HIERARCHY, denotes the subordina- 

 tion of the clergy, ecclesiastical polity, or 

 the constitution and government of the 

 Christian Church considered as a so- 

 ciety. 



HIERO's croivn. Under the article An- 

 CHIMEDES we have given an account of 

 the interesting fact to which this phrase 

 alludes ; we shall only add here an exam- 

 ple, to shew how the fraud was detected 

 by a simple arithmetical process : suppose 

 each of the three masses above referred 

 to weighed 64 ounces, and that immers- 

 ing them separately in the same vessel of 

 water, there were displaced 5oz of water 

 by the golden ball, 9oz. by the silver, and 

 6oz. by the compound, or the crown it- 

 self, then the respective bulks being as 

 the quantities of water displaced, will be 

 as 5, 9, and 6 ; and we say, 

 9 6=3 

 6 5 = 1 



4 : G4 : : 3 : 48 

 ; , 4:64:: 1:16 



And under such circumstances the 

 crown consisted of 48oz. of gold and 16 of 

 silver. 



HIEROGLYPHICS, in antiquity, mystr- 

 cal characters, or symbols, in use among 

 the Egyptians, and that as well in their 

 writings as inscriptions ; being the figures 

 of various animals, the parts of human bo- 

 dies, and mechanical instruments. 



But besides the hieroglyphics in com- 

 mon use among the people, the priests 

 had certain mystical characters, in which 

 they wrapped up and concealed their 

 doctrines from the vulgar. It is said that 

 these something resembled the Chinese 

 characters, and that they were the inven- 

 tion of Hermes. It has been thought that 

 the use of these hieroglyphical figures of 

 animals introduced the strange worship 

 paid them by that nation : for as these 

 figures were made choice of, according to 

 the respective qualities of each animal, to 

 express the qualities and dignity of the 

 persons represented by them, who were 

 generally their gods, princes, ' and great 

 men, and being placed in their temples 

 as the images of their deities ; hence they 

 came to pay a superstitious veneration to 

 the animals themselves. 



The meaning of a few of these hiero- 

 glyphics has been preserved by ancient 



