HON 



HOP 



cr and stronger at the angles of the cells 

 than elsewhere, so that the aperture of 

 each cell is not regularly hexagonal, 

 though its inner cavity be perfectly so. 

 The several combs are all placed parallel 

 to one another, and there is such a space 

 left between them, that the bees can easi- 

 ly pass; and often they place a part of 

 the comb in a contrary direction to the 

 rest, so that while the others are placed 

 horizontally, these stand perpendicularly. 

 The cells which have served, or are to 

 serve, for the habitation of the worms of 

 the common and of thje male bees, are of- 

 ten made also at other times the recepta- 

 cles of honey ; but though these are in- 

 differently made to serve either use, there 

 are others destined only to receive ho- 

 ney. The celerity with which a swarm 

 of bees, received into a hive where they 

 find themselves lodged to their minds, 

 bring their works of the comb to perfec- 

 tion, is amazing. There are vast numbers 

 at work all at once ; and that they may 

 Jiot incommode one another, they do not 

 work upon the first comb till it is finish- 

 ed, but when the founda- ion of that is 

 laid, they go to work upon another, so 

 that there are often the beginnings of 

 three or four stories made at once, and so 

 many swarms allotted to the carrying on 

 the work of each. 



HOXEY stone. See MELIITE. 



HONOUR, in law, is used especially 

 for the more oble sort of seigniories on 

 which other inferior lordships or manors 

 depend, by performance of some customs 

 or services to those who are lords of them. 

 Before the statute 18 Edward I. the King's 

 greater barons, who had a large extent of 

 territory holden under the crown, fre- 

 quently granted out smaller manors to in- 

 ferior persons, to be holden of themselves; 

 which therefore now continue to be\held 

 under a superior lord, who is called in 

 such cases the lord paramount over all 

 these manors ; and his' seigniory is fre- 

 quently termed an honour, not a manor, 

 especially if it has belonged to an ancient 

 feudal baron, or been at any time in the 

 hands of the crown. When the King 

 grants an honour with appurtenances, it 

 is superior to a manor with appurte- 

 nances ; for to an honour, b}- common in- 

 tendrnent, appertain franchises, and by 

 reason of those liberties and franchises, i't 

 is called an honour. 



HONOUII, courts of. There is a court of 

 honour of earl marshal of England, &c. 

 which determines disputes concerning 

 precedency and points of honour. 



HOXOX T HS, military; all armies salute 

 crowned heads in the most respectful 



manner, colours and standards dropping, 

 and officers saluting. Different ranks of 

 officers are saluted in a different mode. 



HONOURS of war, are stipulated terms 

 which are granted to a vanquished ene- 

 my, and by which he is permitted to 

 march out of a town, from a camp, or line 

 of entrenchments, with all the insignia of 

 military etiquette. In another sense, they 

 signify the compliments which are paid 

 to great personages, military characters, 

 when they appear before an armed body 

 of men, or such as are given to .the re- 

 mains of a deceased officer. The particu- 

 lar circumstances attending the latter de- 

 pend greatly upon the usages of different 

 countries. 



HOOK, a piece of iron or brass wire 

 bent, and turned up at one end. 



HOOK pins, are bolts made with a shoul- 

 der at one end, and used by carpenters in 

 framing : these are drove through the 

 mortices and tenons of the work prepar- 

 ed for building or wharfing. 



HOOPOE, upupa, in ornithology. See 

 UPUPA.. 



HOPEA, in botany, so named in ho- 

 nour of Dr. Hope^ professor of botany at 

 Edinburgh, a genus of the Poiyadeluhia 

 Polyandria class and order. Natural or- 

 der of Guaiacanae, Jussieu. Essential 

 character : calyx five-cleft, superior ; co- 

 rolla five-petalled ; stamens many, con- 

 nected in five bodies style one ; drupe 

 with a three-celled nut -There is only 

 one species, viz. H. tinctoria, a native of 

 Carolina. 



HOP, in botany. See HUMUMTS. Hops 

 arc said to have been first brought into 

 England from the Netherlands, in the, 

 year 1524. They are first mentioned in 

 the English statute-book in the year 1552, 

 viz. in the 5tli and 6th Edw. VI. cap. 5, 

 and by ah act of parliament of the first 

 year of King James I. anno 1603, cap. 18, 

 it appears that hops were then produced 

 in abundance in England. The hop De- 

 ing a plant of great importance in this 

 country* we shall briefly consider what 

 relates to the culture and management of 

 it under distinct heads. As for the choice 

 of soil, the hop-planters esteem the ricnest 

 and strongest ground tl\e raost proper ; 

 and if it is rocky within two or three feet 

 of the surface, the hops will prosper well; 

 but they will by no means thrive on a stiff 

 clay or spongy wet land. Hops require 

 to be planted in a situation so open, as that 

 the air may freely pass round and be- 

 tween them, to dry up and dissipate the 

 moisture, whereby they will not be so 

 subject to fire-blasts, which often destroy 

 the middle of large plantations, while the' 



